2. CVS Imaging And Anatomy

Question 1

What is a CT angiogram used for?

Answer 1

Identifying clots

Question 2

What are the 3 layers of arteries?

Answer 2

Tunica adventitia - connective tissue
Tunica media - elastic lamina, smooth muscle
Tunica intima - endothelium, elastic lamina

Question 3

What are the 3 branches that come off the aortic arch?

Answer 3

Brachiocephalic artery (which further branches into right carotid artery and right subclavian artery)
Left carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

Question 4

What is the cardiac output of an average 70kg man?

Answer 4

~5 litres/min (4-6)

Question 5

What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 5

CO = heart rate x stroke volume

Question 6

What is the epicardium?

Answer 6

Serous membrane

Smoot outer surface of heart

Question 7

What is the myocardium?

Answer 7

Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cell and responsible for heart contracting

Question 8

What is the endocardium?

Answer 8

Smooth inner surface of heart chambers

Question 9

What are the pectinate muscles?

Answer 9

Muscular ridges in auricles and right atrial wall

Question 10

What are trabeculae carnae?

Answer 10

Muscular ridges and columns on inside walls of ventricles

Question 11

What are the valves in the heart?

Answer 11

Tricuspid between right atrium and right ventricle
Mitral between left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic between left ventricle and aorta
Pulmonary between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 12

What are the segments of the valves called?

Answer 12

Leaflets