3 Grammar: Gerund Flashcards
Q1: What is a gerund?
Q1: What is a gerund?
A1: A gerund is a verb ending in “-ing” that functions as a noun.
Q2: What roles can gerunds play in a sentence?
Q2: What roles can gerunds play in a sentence?
A2: Gerunds can act as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence.
Q3: Give an example of a gerund as a subject.
Q3: Give an example of a gerund as a subject.
A3: Swimming is fun. (“Swimming” = subject)
Q4: Give an example of a gerund as an object.
Q4: Give an example of a gerund as an object.
A4: I enjoy reading. (“Reading” = object)
Q5: Give an example of a gerund as a complement.
Q5: Give an example of a gerund as a complement.
A5: My hobby is painting. (“Painting” = complement)
Q6: How can you tell if “-ing” words are gerunds or verbs?
Q6: How can you tell if “-ing” words are gerunds or verbs?
A6: If “to be” (was, is, were, etc.) acts as a linking verb, then the “-ing” word is a gerund (noun). If “to be” is an auxiliary verb, then the “-ing” word is a verb.
Gerundio (sustantivo)
Swimming is my favorite activity.
→ Aquí, “Swimming” es un gerundio porque funciona como un sustantivo (el sujeto de la oración).
Verbo en “-ing” (parte de un verbo en tiempo continuo)
She is swimming in the pool.
→ En esta oración, “is swimming” es un verbo en tiempo presente continuo. “Is” es el verbo auxiliar y “swimming” es el verbo principal en forma “-ing”.
En resumen, si el “-ing” actúa como un sustantivo, es un gerundio. Si forma parte de un tiempo verbal con un verbo auxiliar, es un verbo en forma “-ing”.
Q7: Is “running” in “Running is great exercise.” a gerund or a verb?
Q7: Is “running” in “Running is great exercise.” a gerund or a verb?
A7: Gerund – it acts as the subject.
Q9: Name five verbs that express likes/dislikes and must be followed by a gerund.
Q9: Name five verbs that express likes/dislikes and must be followed by a gerund.
A9: Enjoy, love, like, dislike, hate, can’t stand.
Q8: Is “running” in “She is running in the park.” a gerund or a verb?
Q8: Is “running” in “She is running in the park.” a gerund or a verb?
A8: Verb (Present Continuous) – it describes an action happening now.
Q10: Choose the correct form: “I enjoy (to play/playing) soccer.”
Q10: Choose the correct form: “I enjoy (to play/playing) soccer.”
A10: I enjoy playing soccer.
Q11: Choose the correct form: “She loves (to dance/dancing) at parties.”
Q11: Choose the correct form: “She loves (to dance/dancing) at parties.”
A11: She loves dancing at parties.
Q12: Choose the correct form: “They dislike (to wake up/waking up) early.”
Q12: Choose the correct form: “They dislike (to wake up/waking up) early.”
A12: They dislike waking up ear
Q13: Name five verbs that express avoidance or risk and must be followed by a gerund.
Q13: Name five verbs that express avoidance or risk and must be followed by a gerund.
A13: Avoid, risk, delay, postpone, put off, miss.
Avoid → He avoids eating junk food.
Risk → She risks losing her job if she keeps arriving late.
Delay → They delayed making a decision until next week.
Postpone → We postponed traveling due to bad weather.
Put off → He put off studying until the last minute.
Miss → She missed meeting her friends because of work.
Q14: Choose the correct form: “He avoids (to eat/eating) junk food.”
Q14: Choose the correct form: “He avoids (to eat/eating) junk food.”
A14: He avoids eating junk food.
Q15: Choose the correct form: “She postponed (to go/going) on vacation until next year.”
Q15: Choose the correct form: “She postponed (to go/going) on vacation until next year.”
A15: She postponed going on vacation until next year.
Q16: Choose the correct form: “We delayed (to leave/leaving) the house because of the rain.”
Q16: Choose the correct form: “We delayed (to leave/leaving) the house because of the rain.”
A16: We delayed leaving the house because of the rain.
Q17: Name five verbs that describe starting, continuing, or stopping an action and must be followed by a gerund.
Q17: Name five verbs that describe starting, continuing, or stopping an action and must be followed by a gerund.
A17: Keep, continue, practice, quit, stop, give up.
Keep → He keeps trying to solve the problem.
Continue → She continued working despite the difficulties.
Practice → They practice playing the piano every afternoon.
Quit → He quit smoking last year.
Stop → Please stop talking during the meeting.
Give up → She gave up running after her injury.
Q18: Choose the correct form: “He keeps (to talk/talking) during class.”
Q18: Choose the correct form: “He keeps (to talk/talking) during class.”
A18: He keeps talking during class.
Q19: Choose the correct form: “She quit (to smoke/smoking) last year.”
Q19: Choose the correct form: “She quit (to smoke/smoking) last year.”
A19: She quit smoking last year.
Q20: Choose the correct form: “I gave up (to try/trying) to convince him.”
Q20: Choose the correct form: “I gave up (to try/trying) to convince him.”
A20: I gave up trying to convince him
Q21: Name five verbs involving mental processes that must be followed by a gerund.
Q21: Name five verbs involving mental processes that must be followed by a gerund.
A21: Consider, imagine, suggest, recommend, mind.
Consider → She considered moving to another city.
Imagine → Can you imagine living on Mars?
Suggest → He suggested going to the new restaurant.
Recommend → The doctor recommended exercising daily.
Mind → Do you mind opening the window?
Q22: Choose the correct form: “She considered (to move/moving) to another city.”
Q22: Choose the correct form: “She considered (to move/moving) to another city.”
A22: She considered moving to another city.
Q23: Choose the correct form: “He suggested (to go/going) to the movies.”
Q23: Choose the correct form: “He suggested (to go/going) to the movies.”
A23: He suggested going to the movies.
Q24: Choose the correct form: “Would you mind (to help/helping) me with this?”
Q24: Choose the correct form: “Would you mind (to help/helping) me with this?”
A24: Would you mind helping me with this?
Q25: Name four verbs related to communication that must be followed by a gerund.
Q25: Name four verbs related to communication that must be followed by a gerund.
A25: Discuss, mention, admit, deny.
Discuss → They discussed traveling to Europe next summer.
Mention → She mentioned studying abroad during the meeting.
Admit → He admitted making a mistake.
Deny → She denied knowing anything about the incident.
Q27: Choose the correct form: “She admitted (to cheat/cheating) on the test.”
Q27: Choose the correct form: “She admitted (to cheat/cheating) on the test.”
A27: She admitted cheating on the test.
Q26: Choose the correct form: “They discussed (to change/changing) the company policy.”
Q26: Choose the correct form: “They discussed (to change/changing) the company policy.”
A26: They discussed changing the company policy.
Q28: Choose the correct form: “She denied (to steal/stealing) the money.”
Q28: Choose the correct form: “She denied (to steal/stealing) the money.”
A28: She denied stealing the money.
Q: What is the spelling rule for adding “-ing” to verbs ending in “-e”?
Q: What is the spelling rule for adding “-ing” to verbs ending in “-e”?
A: Drop the final “-e” before adding “-ing”.
Ejemplos:
Like → Liking
Hike → Hiking
Make → Making
Q: When should you use a gerund (-ing) instead of an infinitive?
Q: When should you use a gerund (-ing) instead of an infinitive?
A: When the verb refers to an activity, an action in progress, or a habitual action.
When should I use the gerund instead of the infinitive as a general rule?
Gerunds (verb + -ing) describe general activities or habits.
