1 Grammar: Key components of English Grammar Flashcards
What is a noun?
- Nouns (Sustantivos): is a person, place, thing, or idea (freedom, love, knowledge)
What are the four types of pronouns?
Subject
pronouns I, you, he, she, it, we, the She is my friend
Object
pronouns me, you, him, her, it, us, them Give it to me
Possessive pronouns mine, yours, his, her, its, ours, theirs This book is mine
Reflexive
pronouns myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves He hurt himself
What role does a noun play in a sentence?
i. Acts as the subject (who/what the sentences is about) or object (receives the action)
Give an example of a noun acting as a subject.
- Subject: The dog is sleeping
Give an example of a noun acting as an object.
- Object: She bought a book
What type of noun is “freedom” or “love”?
🔹 Nouns are categorized into two main types:
1️⃣ Concrete nouns → Things that can be seen, touched, or physically experienced (table, cat, book, water).
2️⃣ Abstract nouns → Things that cannot be physically touched but represent ideas, emotions, qualities, or concepts (freedom, love, happiness, knowledge).
📌 Examples of Abstract Nouns:
Emotions: love, anger, happiness, fear Ideas & Concepts: freedom, democracy, justice, knowledge Qualities: honesty, kindness, bravery, intelligence
✅ Sentence Examples:
Everyone deserves freedom to express their opinions. She feels deep love for her family.
What is a pronoun?
replace a noun to avoid repetition
Why do we use pronouns in English?
replace a noun to avoid repetition
What are subject pronouns? Provide three examples.
Subject
pronouns I, you, he, she, it, we, the She is my friend
What are object pronouns? Provide three examples.
Object
pronouns me, you, him, her, it, us, them Give it to me
What are possessive pronouns? Provide three examples.
Possessive pronouns mine, yours, his, her, its, ours, theirs This book is mine
What are reflexive pronouns? Provide three examples.
Reflexive
pronouns myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves He hurt himself
Which pronoun would you use to replace “Lisa” in the sentence “Lisa loves ice cream”?
She
Which pronoun would you use to replace “Tom and I” in the sentence “Tom and I went to the park”?
We
Which reflexive pronoun would you use in “He hurt ___ while playing soccer”?
himself
What is a verb?
expresses action or state of being
What are the three main types of verbs?
i. Action verbs: run, eat, write (He writes a letter)
ii. Linking verbs: be, seem, look (She is happy)
iii. Helping verbs: can, must, have (I have finished my work)
Give an example of an action verb.
run
Give an example of a linking verb.
is
Give an example of a helping verb.
must
Which type of verb is “be” in the sentence “She is happy”?
Linking verb
Which type of verb is “can” in the sentence “She can swim”?
Helping verb
What is an adjective?
describes a noun (quality, size, color, etc.)
What do adjectives describe?
noun
List four categories of adjectives with one example each.
- Quality: Beautiful, smart, kind
- Size: Big, small, huge
- Color: red, blue, green
- Quantity: some, many, three
Which adjective describes “size” in the phrase “a huge elephant”?
huge
Which adjective describes “quality” in the phrase “a smart student”?
smart
Which adjective describes “color” in the phrase “a red car”?
red
What is the correct order of adjectives in “a big red beautiful house”?
“a beautiful big red house”
The correct order of adjectives is:
1️⃣ Determiner → (a, an, the, my, his, some, several, etc.)
2️⃣ Opinion → (beautiful, ugly, amazing, boring, nice, etc.)
3️⃣ Size → (big, small, tiny, huge, enormous, etc.)
4️⃣ Age → (old, young, new, ancient, etc.)
5️⃣ Shape → (round, square, rectangular, etc.)
6️⃣ Color → (red, blue, green, black, etc.)
7️⃣ Origin → (American, French, Italian, Chinese, etc.)
8️⃣ Material → (wooden, metallic, plastic, silk, etc.)
9️⃣ Purpose → (sleeping [bag], running [shoes], racing [car], etc.)
What is an adverb?
modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb (answers how, when, where, to what extent).
What do adverbs modify?
modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb (answers how, when, where, to what extent).
List four types of adverbs with one example each.
- Manner (How?) -> quickly, slowly, well (She runs quickly.)
- Time (When?) -> now, yesterday, soon (He will arrive soon.)
- Place (Where?) -> here, there, everywhere (I looked everywhere.)
- Degree (to what extent?) -> very, too, almost (She is very tired)
Which adverb answers “How?” in “She speaks fluently”?
Manner
Which adverb answers “When?” in “We will leave soon”?
Time
Which adverb answers “Where?” in “I looked everywhere”?
Place
Which adverb answers “To what extent?” in “She is very tired”?
very
What is a preposition?
Show relationship between a noun/pronoun and other words (direction, place, time, etc.)
List four common prepositions of place.
i. Common prepositions:
* Place: in, on, under, near
* Time: before, after, during
* Direction: to, from, into
* The book is on the table
En caso de los articulos a/an que cosa debe estar atento para no equivocarte en escribir correctamente?
Use “a” before words that start with a consonant sound, even if the first letter is a vowel (like “university” → “yoo-niversity”).
Use “an” before words that start with a vowel sound, even if the first letter is a consonant (like “honest” → “onest”).
List three common prepositions of time.
before, after, during
List three common prepositions of direction.
to, from, into
What is the preposition in the sentence “The book is on the table”
Place
What is the preposition in the sentence “We arrived after the meeting”?
Time
What is a conjunction?
Connects words, phrases, or clauses
What are the three types of conjunctions?
Coordinating
Subordinating
Correlative
Give two examples of subordinating conjunctions.
Because, although,if
Give two examples of correlative conjunctions.
Either…or, neither..nor
Which conjunction is used in “I like coffee, but she prefers tea”?
but
Which conjunction is used in “I stayed home because I was sick”?
because
Which conjunction is used in “She is neither tall nor short”?
neither
What is an article?
Article are used before nouns to indicate specificity
What are the two types of articles?
i. Definite article (“the”) -> Refers to something specific. (The sun is bright.)
ii. Indefinite articles (“a”/”an”) -> Refer to something unspecified. (I saw a bird)
When do you use “a” vs. “an”?
Which article should be used in “___ sun is bright today”?
✅ Answer: The sun is bright today.
Explanation:
"Sun" is one specific thing, and there is only one sun, so we use "the" (definite artic
Which article should be used in “I saw ___ elephant at the zoo”?
✅ Answer: I saw an elephant at the zoo.
Explanation:
"Elephant" starts with a vowel sound (/e/), so we use "an."
Which article should be used in “He bought ___ book and ___ apple”?
✅ Answer: He bought a book and an apple.
Explanation:
"Book" starts with a consonant sound (/b/), so we use "a." "Apple" starts with a vowel sound (/a/), so we use "an."
