3) Functional anatomy of the hip Flashcards
What does the Hip joint consist of?
- Ball- femoral head
- Socket- acetabulum of the hip bone
What three bones fuse to form the hip bone?
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Pubis
What are the three bones of the hip separated by?
- Tri-radiate cartilage
When does Tri-radiate cartilage fuse?
- Begins to fuse around 15-17 years
- Fusion is completes by 20-25 years
What is the Aceabulum?
- Socket of joint
- Where hip bones converge
- Margin of the acetabulum is incomplete inferiorly to form acetabular notch
What and where are the three different bones of the Hip?
What strengthens the Hip Joint?
- Labrum
- Joint capsule
- Ligaments
- Muscles
What is the acetabular labrum?
- Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to margin of acetabulum
- Increases the articular contact area by 10%
- Travsverse acetabular ligament streghtens inferior portion of acetabulum
What is a joint capsule?
- In extension the capsule helps pull the femoral head into the acetabulum
- Anterior- attaches at intertrochanteric line
- Posterior- Lateral part of neck is extra-capsular
What three ligaments is the capsule strengthened by?
- Iliofemoral
- Pubofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
What are the accessory ligaments of the hip joint?
- Ligament of head of femur
- Transverse acetabular ligament
What is the iliofemoral ligament?
- Y shaped
- Bodies strongest ligament
- Protects hip joint superiorly and anteriorly
- Prevents hyperextension
What is the Pubofemoral ligament?
- Protects anteriorly and inferiorly
- Prevents over abduction
What is the ischiofemoral ligament?
- Weakest of the three ligaments
- positioned posteriorly
- limits extension
What are the Flexors of the Hip?
- Iliopsoas
- Rectus Femoris
- Sartorius
What are the hip adductors?
- Adductor
- Magnus
- Brevis
- Longus
- Pectineus
- Graculius
- Obturator externus
What are the hip extensors?
- Gluteus maximus
- Long head of Biceps Femoris
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
What are the Hip abductors?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fasciae latae
What are the lateral rotators of the hip?
- Piriformis
- Superuor gemellus
- obturator internus
- Inferior gemellus
- Quadratus femoris
What is the nerve supply to the hip joint?
- Femoral nerve
- Obturator nerve
- Superior gluteal nerve
- Nerve to quadratus femoris
What happens with superior gluteal nerve damage?
- Supplies hip abducts
- Damage to SGN leads to
- weakened abduction
- Changes to stance phase of gait cycle
- Trendelenberg sign
What are the problems with blood supply from ligament of the head of the femur?
- not adequate if only suppy
- If you get a femoral neck fracture you can tear retinacula arteries causing AVN of femoral head
