3) Functional anatomy of the hip

Question 1

What does the Hip joint consist of?

Answer 1

• Ball- femoral head
• Socket- acetabulum of the hip bone

Question 2

What three bones fuse to form the hip bone?

Answer 2

• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis

Question 3

What are the three bones of the hip separated by?

Answer 3

• Tri-radiate cartilage

Question 4

When does Tri-radiate cartilage fuse?

Answer 4

• Begins to fuse around 15-17 years
• Fusion is completes by 20-25 years

Question 5

What is the Aceabulum?

Answer 5

• Socket of joint
• Where hip bones converge
• Margin of the acetabulum is incomplete inferiorly to form acetabular notch

Question 6

What and where are the three different bones of the Hip?

Answer 6

Question 7

What strengthens the Hip Joint?

Answer 7

• Labrum
• Joint capsule
• Ligaments
• Muscles

Question 8

What is the acetabular labrum?

Answer 8

• Fibrocartilaginous rim attached to margin of acetabulum
• Increases the articular contact area by 10%
• Travsverse acetabular ligament streghtens inferior portion of acetabulum

Question 9

What is a joint capsule?

Answer 9

• In extension the capsule helps pull the femoral head into the acetabulum
• Anterior- attaches at intertrochanteric line
• Posterior- Lateral part of neck is extra-capsular

Question 10

What three ligaments is the capsule strengthened by?

Answer 10

• Iliofemoral
• Pubofemoral
• Ischiofemoral

Question 11

What are the accessory ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 11

• Ligament of head of femur
• Transverse acetabular ligament

Question 12

What is the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 12

• Y shaped
• Bodies strongest ligament
• Protects hip joint superiorly and anteriorly
• Prevents hyperextension

Question 13

What is the Pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 13

• Protects anteriorly and inferiorly
• Prevents over abduction

Question 14

What is the ischiofemoral ligament?

Answer 14

• Weakest of the three ligaments
• positioned posteriorly
• limits extension

Question 15

What are the Flexors of the Hip?

Answer 15

• Iliopsoas
• Rectus Femoris
• Sartorius

Question 16

What are the hip adductors?

Answer 16

• Adductor
  
  • Magnus
  • Brevis
  • Longus
• Pectineus
• Graculius
• Obturator externus

Question 17

What are the hip extensors?

Answer 17

• Gluteus maximus
• Long head of Biceps Femoris
• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus

Question 18

What are the Hip abductors?

Answer 18

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

Tensor fasciae latae

Question 19

What are the lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 19

• Piriformis
• Superuor gemellus
• obturator internus
• Inferior gemellus
• Quadratus femoris

Question 20

What is the nerve supply to the hip joint?

Answer 20

• Femoral nerve
• Obturator nerve
• Superior gluteal nerve
• Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 21

What happens with superior gluteal nerve damage?

Answer 21

• Supplies hip abducts
• Damage to SGN leads to
  
  • weakened abduction
  • Changes to stance phase of gait cycle
  • Trendelenberg sign

Question 22

What are the problems with blood supply from ligament of the head of the femur?

Answer 22

• not adequate if only suppy
• If you get a femoral neck fracture you can tear retinacula arteries causing AVN of femoral head