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MSK > 1) Basic concepts of MSK > Flashcards

1) Basic concepts of MSK Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major components of the Musculoskeletal system?

A
  • Bone
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Connective tissues
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2
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A
  • Support
  • Protection
  • Metabolic
  • Storage
  • Movement
  • Haematopoiesis
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3
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

A
  • Locomotion
  • Posture
  • Metabolic
  • Venous return
  • Heat production
  • Continence
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4
Q

What are the different types of connective tissue?

A
  • Tendon
  • Ligament
  • Fascia
  • Cartilage
  • Synovial membane
  • Bursa
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5
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

Force transmission muscle- bone

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6
Q

What is the function of a ligament?

A

Support bone-bone

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7
Q

What is the function of fascia?

A
  • Sheets of connective tissue
  • Compartmentalisation
  • Protection
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8
Q

What the function of Cartilage?

A
  • Articular
    • decrease friction
  • Fibrocartilage
    • Shock absorptin
    • increase bony congruity
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9
Q

What the function of a synovial membrane?

A
  • secretes synovial fluid for joint and tendon lubrication
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10
Q

What is the function of the bursa?

A

Syndovial fluid- filled sac to protect tendons, ligaments etc from friction

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11
Q

What cells are present in bone?

A
  • Osteocytes
  • Osteoblasts
  • Osteoclasts
  • Fibroblasts
  • Macrophages
  • Mast cells
  • Adipocytes
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12
Q

What fibres are present in the bone?

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastic
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13
Q

What is present in ground substance?

A
  • Water
  • GAGs, PGs etc
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14
Q

What maintains bone shape?

A
  • Coordinated cellular activity maintains bone shape
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15
Q

What is liberated or stored depending on blood levels?

A
  • Calcium
  • Phosphate
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16
Q

What are bony prominences for?

A
  • Muscle attachments
17
Q

What is avascular necrosis?

A
  • Bone death due to deprivation of blood supply
  • Occurs in fractures e.g. scaphoid and neck of femur
18
Q

What do joints do?

A
  • Connect one bone to another
  • Great variation in range of movement
  • Range of movement versus stability
19
Q

What are the different types of joints?

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
20
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A
  • Essentially collagen fibres joining bones
  • very limited mobility
  • Found where great strength/ stability are required
  • e.g. suture lines
21
Q

What is a cartilaginous joints?

A
  • Cartilage acts as glue that holds bones together
  • Limited mobility
  • Typically found at the ends of growing bones or along the midline of the adult body
22
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A
  • Separate bones are capped by smooth articular cartilage with a thin film of synovial fluid separating them
  • Frequently highly mobile
  • Found all over the skeleton
23
Q

What are the types of synovial joint?

A
  • Plane
  • Hinge
  • Pivot
  • Saddle
  • Condyloid
  • Ball and socket
24
Q

What are joints classed as?

A
  • Levers
25
Q

What are the three classes of levers?

A
  • Effort
  • Fulcrum
  • Load
26
Q

What is an origin of a muscle?

A
  • Stationary proximal anchor point
27
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A
  • Usually mobile distal attachment
28
Q

How do muscles contract?

A
  • Symetrically
29
Q

What are the three muscle concepts?

A
  • Attachment points are arbituarily defined
  • Muscles can only pull, not push
  • Muscles can only act on the joints they cross
  • The actions of a muscle on a joint is a function of the orientation of its fibres and the relaxation of those fibres to the joints
  • The actio of a muscle is a function of the starting position of the joint
  • Muscles work togehter and almost never in isolation
  • Muscles are found within fascial compartments
  • Muscles in a compartment share a common innervaton and action usually
30
Q

What are the different types of muscles?

A
  • Parallel
  • Fusiform
  • Circular
  • Triangular
  • Pennate
31
Q

How do we know what individual muscles do?

A
  • by looking at their structure
    • Where does it attach
    • how many joints does it cross
    • how is it related to the joint
    • what direction do the fibres run in
32
Q

What are the concepts of connective tissue?

A
  • Connective tissue are all physically connected to each other
  • There is continuity between periosteum, joint capsule, tendon, epimysium and bone collagen matrix
  • Histogists and anatomists have different names for the same connective tissue structures
    • superficial fascia is the same as subcutaneous fat, subcutis, hypodermis
    • Deep fascia- Epimysium of muscle
    • Some fascia are named
    • adhesions of skin to underlying fascia creates familiar skin creases
33
Q

What is serial homologies?

A
  • serial homologies abound and will help you almost halve the amount of memorisation that you will have to do:
    • radial nerve= femoral nerve
    • knee= elbow
    • palmaris longus- plantaris

MSK (12 decks)

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