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MSK > 2) Dermatomes And Myotomes > Flashcards

2) Dermatomes And Myotomes Flashcards

1
Q

What is each neural segment known as?

A
  • Neural level
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2
Q

What does the neural tube contain?

A
  • Precursor cells of nervous system
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3
Q

What does the sclerotome become?

A
  • Vertebra and ribs
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4
Q

What does the dermatomyotome (DMT) become?

A
  • Demis (dermatome)
  • Muscles (myotome)
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5
Q

What does DMT develop in association with?

A
  • Neural level of the spinal cord
  • Takes the nerve supply with them from neural tube as spinal nerve
  • E.g. C6
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6
Q

What do spinal nerve roots do?

A
  • Connect each spinal nerve to a segment of the cord
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7
Q

What do dorsal roots contain? (posterior)

A
  • Afferent sensory nerve fibres only
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8
Q

What is a dorsal root ganglion?

A
  • Cell bodies of the sensory neurons from the periphery
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9
Q

What do ventral spinal nerve roots contain?

A
  • Efferent motor and autonomic nerve fibres only
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10
Q

What are spinal nerves?

A
  • Parallel bundles of axons encased in connective tissue
  • Motor and sensory
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11
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A
  • 31 pairs numbered according to level of vertebral column from which they emerge
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12
Q

What is a vertebral segment?

A
  • 1 vertebra
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13
Q

What does the spinal cord run through?

A
  • Vertebral foramen (foramina if multiple)
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14
Q

What is the spinal canal?

A
  • Multiple vertbral foramina
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15
Q

How do th spinal nerves leave the spinal canal?

A
  • Intervertebral formaina
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16
Q

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

A
  • Starts at the inferior margin of medulla oblongata
  • Ends as conus medullaris at L2
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17
Q

Are most spinal cord segments vertically aligned with there corresponding vertbrae?

A
  • No
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18
Q

What do long roots from inferior segments descend in to exit their respective formamina?

A
  • Cauda equina
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19
Q

Where do the first pair of spinal nerves emerge?

A
  • Between the occipital bone and the atlas
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20
Q

Where do C1-C7 spinal nerves exit?

A
  • Above corresponding vertebrae
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21
Q

Where does C8 spinal nerve eit?

A
  • Between C7 and T1 vertebrae
22
Q

Where do T1-L5 spinal nerves exit?

A
  • Below corresponding vertebrae
23
Q

How do S1-S4 spinal nerves exit?

A

Via 4 paris of sacral formaina

24
Q

How do S5 and Co1 spinal nerves exit?

A

Via posterior sacral hiatus

25
Q

What is the posterior/dorsal ramus?

A

Deep muscles and skin of dorsal trunk

26
Q

What is the Anterior/ventral ramus?

A
  • Muscles and skin of the upper and lower limbs and lateral ventral trunk
27
Q

What does the meingeal branch of spinal nerves do?

A
  • Re-enters spinal canal through interverbral canal
  • Supplies the vertebrae, ligaments, blood vessels and meninges
28
Q

What are Rami communicantes?

A
  • Components of the autonomic system
29
Q

What do Dorsal/posterior rami supply?

A
  • Supply skin of back in a segmental manner
  • medial and lateral branches
  • narrow strip of muscle/skin in line with intervertebral foramen
30
Q

What does ventral/anterior rami supply?

A
  • Complicated
  • Segmental for the trunk
  • Enter the plexuses to supply the limbs
    • Brachial plexus
    • Lumbo-sacral plexus
31
Q

What does the dermatome map loop like?

A
32
Q

What is a Myotome?

A
  • Group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve
33
Q

What is a dermatome?

A
  • Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
34
Q

What is an axial line?

A
  • Junction of two dermatomes supplied from discontinuous spinal levels
  • centre of ventral or dorsal comparments of the limb
35
Q

What is a pre-axial and post-axial border?

A
  • Boundaries of dorsal and ventral compartments
  • Marked by superficial veins
  • Upper limb- cephalic vein (pre) and basilic vein (post)
  • Lower limb- long saphenous vein (pre) Short saphenous vein (post)
36
Q

Where do spinal nerves become peripheral nerves?

A
  • Peripheral nerves contain several spinal nerves neurons
  • Fibres from multiple spinal nerves combine to form peripheral nerves
  • rearrangement from one to the other occurs in the plexuses
37
Q

What does the C6 spinal nerve become?

A
  • Musculocutaneuus nerve (also 5 and 7)
  • Radial nerve
  • Median nerve
38
Q

What are peripheral nerve territories?

A
  • Not the same as dermatomes!!!
  • areas of skin supplied by peripheral nerves
39
Q

What is Herpes Zosters significance with dermatomes?

A
  • Shingles
  • Almost always affects the skin of a single dermatome
  • Reactivcation of chickenpox
  • Virus travels through a cutaneous nerve and remains dermant in dorsal root ganglion after chickenpox
  • When host is immunosuppressed can reactivate and travel through peripheral nerve to skin of a single dermatome
40
Q

What nerves supply myotomes?

A
  • 1 spinal nerve contains neurons of many motor units
  • 1 soinal nerve supplies one myotome
41
Q

What does C5 myotome do?

A
  • Shoulder abduction
  • external rotation
42
Q

What does C6 myotome do?

A
  • Elbow flexion
  • wrist extension
  • supination
43
Q

What does C7 myotome do?

A
  • Elbow extension
  • wrist flexion
  • pronation
44
Q

What does C8 myotome do?

A
  • Finger flexion
  • Finger extension
45
Q

What does T1 myotome do?

A
  • Finger abduction
  • Finger adduction
46
Q

What does L2 myotome do?

A

Hip flexion

47
Q

What does L3 myotome do?

A
  • Knee extension
48
Q

What does L4 myotome do?

A
  • Ankle dorsiflexion
49
Q

What does L5 myotome do?

A
  • Great toe extension
50
Q

What does S1 myotome do?

A
  • Ankle plantar-flexion
51
Q

What does S2 myotome do?

A
  • Great toe flexion
52
Q

What is Hiltons Law?

A
  • Femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
  • Supplies the quadriceps femoris group of muscles
  • Extends the knee joint
  • supplies skin overlying the knee
  • L3 is myotome for knee extension
  • Dermatome overluing the anterior knee is L3
  • Femoral nerve inury causes paralysis and anethesia in the muscles and areas

MSK (12 decks)

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