3 - fondation - the human part 2 Flashcards
human use information to reason and solve problems even when the information is partial or unavailable
human thinking
information and processed and applied:
reasoning, problem solving, skill acquisition, error
is the process by which we use the knowledge we have to draw conclusion or infer something new about the domain of interest
reasoning
3 types of reasoning
deductive, inductive, abductive
reasoning derives the logically necessary conclusion from the given premises
deductive
generalizing from cases we have seen to infer information about cases we have not seen
inductive
reason from a fact to the action or state that caused it
abductive
it is the process of finding a solution to an unfamiliar task, using the knowledge we have
problem solving
3 views on how people solve problems
gestalt theory, problem space theory, analogy
problem solving is both productive and reproductive
gestalt theory
productive problem solving involves ______ ______ of the problem while reproductive solving problems draws on _____ ______
insight and restructuring and previous experience
problem has an initial state and a goal state and the people use the operators to move from the former to the latter
problem space theory
in ___________ the initial state is compared with the goal state and an operator chosen to reduce the difference between the two
means-end analysis
operates within the constraints of the human processing system such as the limited capacity of short - term memory and the speed at which information can be retrieved
problem space theory
it is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject to another, or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process
analogy
done by mapping knowledge relating to a similar known domain to the new problem
analogical mapping
_____ is easier than ____ and allow suers toselect commands from a set (such as menu) rather than input them directly
recognition and recall
In order to apply a psychological principle or result properly in
design, the following must be understood:
the context where it fits in the field of psychology
details of the actual experiment
measures used
subjects involved
human cognitive and perpetual and process cannot be all directly applied to design due to being partial and simplistic
guidelines
pyschological theory has led to the dedvelopment of the analytic and predictive model of user behavior
models to support design
psychology also provides a range of empirical techniques which we can employ to evaluate our designs and our system
techniques for evaluation
