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SF4 - Test 3 > 3 - Female Reproductive Histology > Flashcards

3 - Female Reproductive Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two phases of the menstrual cycle?

Approximately when does ovulation occur?

A

Follicular Phase (Days 1-13) - Follicule developing, egg inside

Ovulation (Day 14) - Egg release

Luteal Phase (Days 15-28) - Corpus Luteum, LH Spikes, releasing progesterone

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2
Q

How does the uterine (endometrium) lining change with the menstrual cycle?

(Compare to Follicular/Luteal Phases)

A
  • Follicular Phase
    • Menses (1-4)
    • Proliferative Phase (5-14) - Estrogen!
  • Luteal Phase
    • Secretory Phase (15-26) - Progesterone!
    • Premenstrual Phase (27-28)
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3
Q

What hormone is tested for ovulation in home kits?

What enduces follicle development?

What is the main hormone for the follicular and luteal phases?

What is required to keep the lining of the uterus?

A

LH (Lh Surge)

Increased FSH

Follicular - Estrogen

Luteal - Progesterone

Progesterone needed to keep lining of uterus; without it (or normal reduction) causes atrophy

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4
Q

What suspends the ovaries on either side of the uterus?

What suspends in on the lateral side?

A

Medial Anchor to Uterus - Broad Ligament

(also Proper Ovarian Ligament)

Lateral Anchor - Suspensory Ligament

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5
Q

What is the inner ovary devided into?

A
  • Inner Medulla
    • ​Loose connective tissue
    • Blood vessels
    • Lymphatics
    • Nerves
  • Outer Cortex - “movement”
    • Ovarian Follicles
    • Egg development tract
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6
Q

What are follicles formed during fetal development awaiting their turn to enter development known as?

What are they halted in until puberty?

Once they develope a single row of cuboidal epithelium, what are they called?

A
  • Unilaminar follicles are Primarordial Follicles
    • ​They are halted in Meiosis I until puberty
  • Unilaminar Primary Follicle
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7
Q
A

Primary Follicles

(or Unilaminar Primary Follicle)

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8
Q
A

Primordial Follicle on outer edge

Multilaminar Primary Follicle at center right

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9
Q
A

Unilaminar Primary Follicle

Zona Pellucida surrounding nucleus of oocyte

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10
Q
A

Left, primary follicles, unilaminar and multilaminar

Right: Once follicle gets many layers, it becomes a Granulosa Cell (Follicular Cells or Secondary Follicle

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11
Q

What do granulosa cells synthesize?

What does the follicular fluid provide source or, and what are their collections called?

Once this fluid is present, what is the oocyte called?

What is completed at this stage?

A

Granulosa cells synthesize estrogens

Follicular Fluid is rich in estrogen and forms small antral lakes

Once fluid is created, termed Secondary Follicle

Meiosis I is completed

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12
Q

What happens to the cohort of developing follicles?

What occurs to the antral lakes?

What does the oocyte sit on?

What is opposite of this?

A

All but one (usually…) degenerate

Antral lakes fuse into single antrum

Oocyte sits on pedestal of granulosa cells called cumulus oophorus

Opposite this is corona radiata

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13
Q
A

Right of oocyte = Coronda Radiata (closer to Antrum)

Left of oocyte = Cumulus Oophorus

Center “Lake” = Antrum of Mature Follicle

Surrounding Antrum/Oocyte = Granulosa Cells

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14
Q
A

Top Outer - Theca Externa - Muscle Cells

Top Inner - Theca Interna - Contributes to Corpus Luteum

Basement membrane separates the Granulosa Cells which makes Cumulus Oophorus to left of oocyte

Corona Radiata on right

Oocyte surrouned by Zona Pellucida at center right

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15
Q
A

A = Antrum, Antral Cavities

Corona Radiata adjacent Antrum

Cumulus Oophorus closed section of granulosa cells

Theca Interna - Contributes to Corpus Luteum

Theca Externa - Muscle

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16
Q

Which ovarian ligament features the vascular bundle?

A

Suspensory Ligament and Broad Ligament

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17
Q

What is the purpose of fimbrae?

What is the opening of the uterine tube called? What does it lead to?

A

Finger-like projections from uterine tube which reach out and catch the oocyte at ovulation

Opening is infundibulum leads to the Uterine Tube Proper

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18
Q

What does the old follicle become following ovulation?

What major hormone does this structure secrete? Purpose?

What represents the remnants of the follicle and make up most of the new structure above?

What is their role?

What cells are at the periphery of the structure above? Purpose?

A

Corpus Luteum

Major secretion = Progesterone, prepares uterus to accept fetilized ovum

Granulosa Lutein Cells make up 80% of Corpus Luteum

These cells produce progesterone and convert androgens produced by the theca-lutein cells into estrogens

Theca Lutein Cells are at periphery of Corpus Luteum, produce progesterone and androgens

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19
Q
A

Theca Lutein Cells at arrows, produce androgens and progesterone

Granulosa Lutein Cells, produce progesterone and convert androgens produced by Theca Lutein cells to progesterone (majority of corpus luteum)

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20
Q
A

Corpus Luteum

Theca Lutein dark stained smaller cells

Lipid Vacuoles white bubbles

Granulosa Lutein Cells long arrow (progesterone, convert androgens)

21
Q

If pregnancy does not occur, what becomes of the corpus luteum?

A

Atrophies via involution

Progesterone drops, corpus luteum becomes inacative scar, called Corpus Albicans

22
Q
A

Corpus Albicans

23
Q

If pregnancy occurs, what becomes of the Corpus Luteum?

A

Remains active for ~ 3 months

Elevated progesterone levels required to sustain early pregnancy

Placenta will eventually take over the role of progesterone secretion

24
Q

Purpose of Uterine (fallopian) Tube?

What is the epithelial lining of the tube?

A

Transmits egg from ovary to uterus

Ciliated Cells, Secretory Peg cells

25
Q
A

Uterine Tube wall

CC = Ciliated Cell

PC = Secretory Peg Cell

26
Q
A

Uterine Tube Wall

27
Q
A

Uterine Tube

28
Q
A

Ciliated Columnar Cells

Secretory Peg Cells

29
Q

What is the upper 2/3 of the uterus?

Area above entry of uterine tubes (very top)

Lower 1/3?

A

Upper 2/3 = Body

Fundus is at very top

Lower 1/3 = Cervix

30
Q
A

Cervix of Uterus

Cervical Gland top right secretes mucus to aid sperm

Lymphocytes at transition of epithelium

Lower stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epitherlum of cervix

31
Q
A

Branches cervical gland which aids in mucus secretion

Larger image of cervix

32
Q
A

Nabothian Cysts

“Pimple” in Cervix

33
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

Endometrium - inner mucosal layer, columbar epithelium with glands

Myometrium - Thickest part, muscular layer which expels fetus during childbirth

Perimetrium - Outer serosa

34
Q

What are the two regions of the endometrium?

A
  • Stratum Functionale (sheds monthly)
    • ​Superficial
    • Columnar Epithelium with secretory glands
    • Sheds/Regenerates
  • Stratum Basale (rebuilds)
    • ​Deeper highly vascularized layer
    • Responsible for regenerating stratum functionale each month
    • Does NOT respond to progesterone
35
Q

What stimulates stratum functionale to be rebuilt?

A

Estrogen stimulates stratum functionale to be rebuilt?

Represents proliferative phase

36
Q

What occurs during the secretory phase with the stratum functionale?

A

Progesterone from Corpus Luteum stimulates secretory phase and continued growth of Stratum Functionale

37
Q

What causes endometrial ischemia?

A

Spiral Arteries contract when corpus luteum involutes

Decreased in progesterone drives this

38
Q

What phase is shown?

A

Proliferative Phase

39
Q

What phase?

A

Secretory Phase

40
Q

What phase?

A

Premenstrual Phase

41
Q

Phase of uterus?

A

Proliferative

42
Q

Phase of uterus?

A

Secretory Phase

43
Q

Uterus phase?

A

Menstrual uterus, note blood

44
Q

What are the three layers of the wall of vagina?

A
  • Mucosal (inner): Stratified squamous epithelium, no glands, vaginal rugae that act as friction ridges for intercourse and allow distension during childbirth
  • Muscular Layer: Smooth muscle, primarily used during childbirth
  • Fibrous Layer (adventitia): Attaches vagina to surrounding tissue
45
Q
A

Vagina

46
Q

What are mammary glands modified forms of?

What is each lobe divided into?

What doe these contain?

What do these expand near the nipple to?

A

Sweat glands

Each lobe is divided into lobules

Lobules contain glands composed of alveolar glands and a lactiferous duct leading to nipple

Explands near nipple to form lactiferous sinus, where milk is stored before it drains at the nipple

47
Q
A

Inactive mammary gland

48
Q
A

Active Mammary Gland

49
Q
A

SF4 - Test 3 (12 decks)

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