3. Epidemiology of adult obesity Flashcards
since what year, does the prevalence of obesity in adults rose dramatically, increasing 3x?
1985
in 2016, what % and # of people are affected obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) in Canada adults?
26.4% / 8.3 million Canadians
which subgroup is the fastest growing obesity subgroup? by what % since 1985 in 2016 data?
BMI 35 and over - severe obesity
increased 455% (1.9 million)
what % of people is in overweight category?
34%
what about child obesity?
1 in 3 children and/or youths between 6-17 years have overweight or obesity, increase from 1 in 4 in 1978/79
what is the prevalence of obesity among boys (12-17 years) ? girls?
16.2%
9.3%
what are established contributors to obesity ?
socioeconomic status, sex, ethnicity, access to healthcare, genetics, regional food and built environments
what result in the unjust treatment of individuals living with obesity?
weight bias,
stigma and discrimination
in 2014, the global economic impact of obesity was estimated to be how much in USD or % of the GDP?
2 trillion or 2.8% of the global gross domestic product (GDP)
of the adult population worldwide, what % is affected by obesity?
13% (650 million people)
in canada, annual direct medical care costs for hostpial admissions, medication use, physician fees and emergency room visits were estimated to be CAD in 2010 ??
3.9 billion in 2010
which measures total or abdominal adiposity and to estimate how obesity and abdominal obesity impact?
waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and skinfold measures
Increasing waist circumference is associated with
increased health risks for ?
diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease
what is threshold cut-off values of waist circumference used to assess health risk ?
102 cm (40 inches) in men;
88 cm (35 inches) in women
how many point is there for Edmonton Obesity Staging System?
what does this predict?
5 point (0-5) classification system;
comorbidity and functional status and its relationship with mortality - EOSS predicts mortality independent of BMI and may be more applicable for use independent of or in addition to BMI and waist circumference in a clinical setting
from 1981 to 2009, men’s average waist circumference increased by ? cm while for women the average increase was xx cm?
6.5cm;
10.6cm
Excess body
weight differs significantly in children depending on which?
sex, level of household income, place of residence
Obesity increases the risk of developing a number of complications. what are the most concerning risk?
cardiovascular disease and cancer - reduce life expectancy by 6-14 years
1 It is estimated that xx % of all cancers can
be attributed to obesity, independent of diet.
20%
Obesity increases
the risk of which cancers?
colon, kidney, esophageal, pancreatic cancers;
endometrial and post-menopausal breast cancers in women
Obesity also increases the risk of developing what other than cancer?
type 2 diabetes, gallbladder disease, gout;
3x increased risk of osteoarthritis
Excess body weight, defined using BMI, increases the risk of mortality but it depends on sex and ethnicity - t / f?
f
In Canada, the prevalence of adult obesity increases with
age. - t /f
t
A higher prevalence of which Class of obesity was observed for men compared to women (15%
versus 11.3%)? while a lower prevalence of Class II and III obesity
was observed for men compared to women (4.6% versus 5.7%)
in 2011–2012.39
Class I
A lower prevalence of which class obesity was observed for men compared to women (4.6% versus 5.7%) in 2011–2012?
Class 2-3
Immigration status is associated with the prevalence of obesity.
According to the 2016–2017 Canadian Health Measures Survey,
immigrants are less likely to be living with obesity (17%) compared to non-immigrants (30%) - t / f
t
Although education and income are correlated, it appears they are associated with
obesity differently in men and women. t / f
t
While income and education
are inversely associated with obesity in Canadian women, the relationship between socio-economic status is weaker in Canadian men, with income demonstrating a positive relationship with obesity - t / f
t
Differences in the prevalence of obesity across geographical
regions in Canada are not entirely predicted by income, education
and health behaviour factors. - t / f
t
Other contributors
within our modern environment increase the risk of developing
obesity, such as …
medication use, chronic stress, insufficient sleep,
decreased smoking rates and modern energy-saving conveniences,
such as cars, remote controls, washing machines, etc
Although high BMIs are associated with
an increase in morbidity and mortality risk at a population level, a
high BMI may not be associated with poor health at the individual
or patient level. - t / f
t
In Canada, the prevalence of obesity increased three-fold over the
last three decades and now affects one in four adults - t / f
t
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