1. Obesity in adults - a clinical practice guideline Flashcards
what is obesity characterized by?
abnormal or excessive body fat (adiposity)
people living with obesity face substantial bias and stigma, and this contribute to increased … and … independent of weight or body mass index.
morbidity and mortality
the guideline shifts the focus of obesity management toward improving xxx , rather than weight loss alone.
patient-centred health outcomes
how do you define obesity? and class?
BMI >30 kg/m2
class 1 - 30-34.9
class 2 - 35 - 39.9
class 3 - 40 and up
At the individual level, complications occur because of what factors?
excess adiposity, location and distribution of adiposity and many other factors, including environmental, genetic, biologic and socioeconomic factors
what are the complications of obesity?
Type 2 diabetes
Gallbladder disease
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Gout
Excess and ectopic body fat are important sources of which that can alter glucose and fat metabolism?
adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators
excess and ectopic body fat can reduce disease-free duration and life expectancy by how many years?
6 to 14 years
It is estimated that xx % of all cancers can be attributed to obesity, independent of diet.
20
Obesity increases the risk of which cancers?
Colon (both sexes)
Kidney (both sexes)
Esophagus (both sexes)
Endometrium (women)
Postmenopausal breast (women)
over past 3 decades in canada, the prevalence of obesity has increased by how much sinc 1985?
threefold
how much population adults are affected by obesity in 2016?
1.9 million
which plays a central role in energy homeostasis by regulating food intake and energy expenditure?
brain
The control of appetite is complex and involves the integration of the central neural circuits including which parts?
the hypothalamus (homeostatic control),
the mesolimbic system (hedonic control) and
the frontal lobe (executive control).
The crosstalk between homeostatic and hedonic eating is influenced by mediators from ?
adipose tissue, the pancreas, gut and other organs.
Cognitive functions in which part of the brain exert executive control on food choices and the decision to eat?
prefrontal cortex
in the brain, what has been shown to be altered in obesity?
interconnectivity of neural networks that drives eating behaviour
which has been independently associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk, but it is not a good predictor of visceral adipose tissue on an individual basis?
Waist circumference
Integration of both of which in clinical assessment may identify the higher-risk phenotype of obesity better?
Integration of both BMI and waist circumference
In addition to BMI and waist circumference measurements, what is needed to identify those who will benefit from treatment?
a comprehensive history to identify the root causes of obesity, appropriate physical examination and relevant laboratory investigations
which staging system is used to determine the optimal obesity treatment?
the Edmonton obesity staging system
what does the Edmonton obesity staging system consider as the parameters?
metabolic
physical
psychological parameters
obesity stigma negatively influences xxx for people living with obesity.
obesity stigma negatively influences the level and quality of care for people living with obesity.
