1. Obesity in adults - a clinical practice guideline

Question 1

what is obesity characterized by?

Answer 1

abnormal or excessive body fat (adiposity)

Question 2

people living with obesity face substantial bias and stigma, and this contribute to increased … and … independent of weight or body mass index.

Answer 2

morbidity and mortality

Question 3

the guideline shifts the focus of obesity management toward improving xxx , rather than weight loss alone.

Answer 3

patient-centred health outcomes

Question 4

how do you define obesity? and class?

Answer 4

BMI >30 kg/m2
class 1 - 30-34.9
class 2 - 35 - 39.9
class 3 - 40 and up

Question 5

At the individual level, complications occur because of what factors?

Answer 5

excess adiposity, location and distribution of adiposity and many other factors, including environmental, genetic, biologic and socioeconomic factors

Question 6

what are the complications of obesity?

Answer 6

Type 2 diabetes

Gallbladder disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Gout

Question 7

Excess and ectopic body fat are important sources of which that can alter glucose and fat metabolism?

Answer 7

adipocytokines and inflammatory mediators

Question 8

excess and ectopic body fat can reduce disease-free duration and life expectancy by how many years?

Answer 8

6 to 14 years

Question 9

It is estimated that xx % of all cancers can be attributed to obesity, independent of diet.

Answer 9

20

Question 10

Obesity increases the risk of which cancers?

Answer 10

Colon (both sexes)

Kidney (both sexes)

Esophagus (both sexes)

Endometrium (women)

Postmenopausal breast (women)

Question 11

over past 3 decades in canada, the prevalence of obesity has increased by how much sinc 1985?

Answer 11

threefold

Question 12

how much population adults are affected by obesity in 2016?

Answer 12

1.9 million

Question 13

which plays a central role in energy homeostasis by regulating food intake and energy expenditure?

Answer 13

brain

Question 14

The control of appetite is complex and involves the integration of the central neural circuits including which parts?

Answer 14

the hypothalamus (homeostatic control),
the mesolimbic system (hedonic control) and
the frontal lobe (executive control).

Question 15

The crosstalk between homeostatic and hedonic eating is influenced by mediators from ?

Answer 15

adipose tissue, the pancreas, gut and other organs.

Question 16

Cognitive functions in which part of the brain exert executive control on food choices and the decision to eat?

Answer 16

prefrontal cortex

Question 17

in the brain, what has been shown to be altered in obesity?

Answer 17

interconnectivity of neural networks that drives eating behaviour

Question 18

which has been independently associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk, but it is not a good predictor of visceral adipose tissue on an individual basis?

Answer 18

Waist circumference

Question 19

Integration of both of which in clinical assessment may identify the higher-risk phenotype of obesity better?

Answer 19

Integration of both BMI and waist circumference

Question 20

In addition to BMI and waist circumference measurements, what is needed to identify those who will benefit from treatment?

Answer 20

a comprehensive history to identify the root causes of obesity, appropriate physical examination and relevant laboratory investigations

Question 21

which staging system is used to determine the optimal obesity treatment?

Answer 21

the Edmonton obesity staging system

Question 22

what does the Edmonton obesity staging system consider as the parameters?

Answer 22

metabolic
physical
psychological parameters

Question 23

obesity stigma negatively influences xxx for people living with obesity.

Answer 23

obesity stigma negatively influences the level and quality of care for people living with obesity.