10. Physical activity in obesity management

Question 1

Aerobic and resistance exercise can favour the maintenance or improvements in ..?

Answer 1

cardiorespiratory fitness;
mobility;
strength and muscle mass

Question 2

Aerobic physical activity (30–60 minutes of moderate to
vigorous intensity most days of the week) can be considered
for adults who want to:

Answer 2

a) Achieve small amounts of body weight and fat loss (Level
2a, Grade B);1
b) Achieve reductions in abdominal visceral fat (Level 1a,
Grade A)2–4 and ectopic fat such as liver and heart fat
(Level 1a, Grade A),4 even in the absence of weight loss;
c) Favour weight maintenance after weight loss (Level 2a,
Grade B);1,5
d) Favour the maintenance of fat-free mass during weight
loss; (Level 2a, Grade B);6 and,
e) Increase cardiorespiratory fitness (Level 2a, Grade B)7
and
mobility (Level 2a, Grade B).8

Question 3

For adults living with overweight or obesity, resistance training may promote ..?

Answer 3

weight maintenance or modest increases in
muscle mass or fat-free mass and mobility

Question 4

Regular physical activity, with and without weight loss, can
improve many cardiometabolic risk factors in adults who
have overweight or obesity, including:

Answer 4

a) Hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity (Level 2b, Grade B)7,11,12
b) High blood pressure (Level 1a, Grade B);13,14
c) Dyslipidemia (Level 2a, Grade B).15,16

Question 5

Regular physical activity can improve health-related quality
of life, mood disorders (i.e., depression, anxiety) and body image in adults with overweight or obesity - T/F

Answer 5

T

Question 6

regular physical activity is associated with a lower prevalence of ….. and a lower incidence of …. disease

Answer 6

cardiovascular risk factors;
chronic disease

Question 7

Increasing one’s level of which fitness is also associated with reduced risk of chronic disease and all-cause mortality, independent
of body mass index (BMI)

Answer 7

cardiorespiratory

Question 8

reduction of which activity during the day can also produce
health benefits, independently of levels of regular physical activity

Answer 8

sedentary activity

Question 9

what is the recommendation of physical activity to improve health?

Answer 9

minimum of 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity on most days of the week, (accumulating at least 150 minutes per week),

engage in strength (resistance) activity at least 2 days per week;

reduce the amount of daily sedentary time.

Question 10

which provide greater weight loss - exercise vs diet?

Answer 10

diet - 4kg;
exercise -2kg - significant but modest long-term weight loss

Question 11

exercise alone is effective in reducing what?

Answer 11

abdominal fat;
can also occur in the absence of weight loss or changes in WC

Question 12

Resistance training or its combination with aerobic training do not
seem to have a significant impact on abdominal visceral fat reduction
in comparison to control or aerobic training alone - T/F

Answer 12

T (maybe due to smaller sample size, and lower energy expenditure associated with resistance training compared to aerobic training)

Question 13

In regard to abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference, reductions are dependent of exercise intensity. T/F

Answer 13

F - independent of intensity;

however, improvements in the cardiometabolic indices associated with abdominal visceral fat, as well as the increase of cardiorespiratory fitness in both women and men with abdominal
obesity, seem to be intensity dependent (e.g., glucose tolerance)

Question 14

a recent meta-analysis on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adults with overweight or obesity showed that both cycling and running produce a significant reduction of total fat mass, abdominal fat mass and abdominal visceral fat in adults
with overweight or obesity, with no difference between the sex - T/F

Answer 14

T

Question 15

which plays an important role in the association
between abdominal obesity and the increase in cardiovascular diseases risk?

Answer 15

ectopic fat (accumulation of fat at undesired sites - such as liver, the heart, the pancreas and the skeletal muscle)

Question 16

that exercise alone could lead to a decrease in which part of the fat?
what about liver fat?

Answer 16

that exercise
alone could lead to a decrease in cardiac adiposity (e.g., epicardial
and pericardial fat) and in intra-hepatic lipids, although the effect
on the liver is greater when combined with dietary changes and
with greater decrease in BMI or body weight

Question 17

which training, - aerobic vs resistance - had an effect on reducing abdominal visceral fat and showed a trend toward reducing liver fat in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes?

Answer 17

aerobic

Question 18

what parameters should include in exercise prescription?

Answer 18

type
duration
intensity
frequency

Question 19

which group had the largest increase in insulin sensitivity and decrease in functional limitations - aerobic vs resistance vs combo

Answer 19

combo

Question 20

low-amount/low-intensity
exercise (LALI), high-amount/low-intensity exercise (HALI) or highamount/high-intensity exercise (HAHI);

were there difference in body weight and WC?

were there difference in cardiorespiratory fitness?

Answer 20

not in reduction in body weight, WC (however, compliance was highly variable)

yes - dose-response relationship

Question 21

at this time there is no
clear evidence that HIIT(high intensity interval training) causes more fat loss compared to moderate
intensity exercise. - T/F

Answer 21

T

Question 22

Compared with the high frequency group, the low frequency group had a greater decrease in weight (9.6 kg vs. 7.8 kg)
and a greater increase in daily steps - T/F

Answer 22

T;
However, it was not clear if
the greater number of steps was due to better compliance to the
protocol or a greater number of steps outside of the prescribed
session

Question 23

improvements in postprandial glucose and especially insulin sensitivity can occur with exercise training of sufficient volume and intensity, but improvements in what are not typically observed in the absence of large weight loss.

Answer 23

fasting glucose

Question 24

They suggest that exercise reduces blood pressure by how much through HIIT and resistance training?

Answer 24

5mmHg systolic; 3mmHg diastolic

Question 25

what affect does exercise cause in blood lipids and lipoproteins??

Answer 25

many showed improvement in lipid and lipoprotein risk factors - total cholesterol and TG;
HDL-C results was heterogeneous;
LDL-C less likely affected;

Question 26

increases in cardiorespiratory fitness are proportional to the volume and intensity of exercise. T/F

Answer 26

T

Question 27

what does exercise affect in quality of life and mental health?

Answer 27

efficacy to improve mood disorders in adults with overweight or obesity is less conclusive