3: Douglas et al 1998

Question 1

• what are aphids symbiotic with?

- and what type of symbiosis is it?

Answer 1

• Buchnera bacteria

- mycetocyte: nutritional basis involving essential amino acids

Question 2

what does the bacteria provide to aphids and what does this contribute towards and what does it not contribute towards?

Answer 2

• essential amino acids, contributing to amino acid homeostasis and ability to utilise phloem sap
• does not contribute to plant lipid nutrition

Question 3

what is the phylogeny like between buchnera and aphids?

Answer 3

congruent- diversify in parallel

Question 4

why is bacterial supply of amino acids an advantage?

Answer 4

to insects feeding on phloem in the sap of plants

Question 5

can symbiotic aphids produce amino acids even if its not in their diet

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

what is N recycling in animal microbial symbiosis?

Answer 6

microbial metabolism of animal waste N to compounds such as amino acids that are nutritionally valuable to the animal

Question 7

how may Buchnera act as a sink?

Answer 7

by taking up ammonia

Question 8

how can Buchnera contribute to aphids capacity to utilize phloem sap?

Answer 8

by upgrading non essential amino acids to essential ones

Question 9

where do plant reared aphids likely derive their sterol requirements from?

Answer 9

phytosterols in phloem sap

Question 10

why may essential amino acid provisioning vary?

Answer 10

if varied rate of supply and amino acid composition

Question 11

what does bacteria biomass vary with?

Answer 11

aphid developmental stage

Question 12

what resistance may Buchnera be able to provide to aphids?

Answer 12

insecticide

Question 13

how may bacteria metabolic versatility vary?

Answer 13

between aphid species at different taxa or with different host plant ranges