3. Diabetes And Blood Glucose Conc Flashcards
What is diabetes?
Conditions where blood glucose concentration can’t be controlled properly
Type 1
Type 2
What happens in type 1 diabetes
Immune system attacks the B cells in islets or langerhans so can’t produce insulin
After eating blood glucose rises and stays high - hyperglycaemia and cause death
Kidneys can’t reabsorb all this glucose so some secreted in urine
How is type 1 diabetes treated
Insulin therapy - controller as too much could result in dangerous drop in blood glucose lever - hypoglycaemia
Insulin injections throughout the day
Insulin pump continuously
Hyperglycaemic
Glucose increases
Hypoglycaemic
Glucose decrease
Cause of type 1 diabetes
Unknown
Some people may have genetic predisposition to developing type 1 diabetes
Or could be triggered by viral infection
When is type 2 diabetes acquired
Later in life
Linked with obesity / family history / lack of exercise / age / poor diet
How does type 2 diabetes occur
When B cells don’t produce enough insulin or when body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin - insulin receptions on membrains don’t work properly so cells don’t take in enough glucose so BLOOD GLUCOSE IS HIGHER THAN NORMAL
How is type 2 diabetes treated ?
Healthy
Balanced diet
Losing weight
Regular exercise
Glucose lowering mediation / insulin injections
Response to type 2 diabetes
Response to health advisors
Response to food companies
Response of health advisors
Health advisors recommend that people eat a diet low in fat / sugar and salt with lots of fruit / veg / excerise
NHS “change4life”- education
They also challenged food industry to reduce advertising of junk food and use clearer labelling
Response of food companies
More healthy by using sugar alternatives to sweeten food and drink to reduce sugar / fat and salt content
But may reduce profit so public need to become healthier in general first
Test for diabetes
Glucose In urine that’s
Higher concentration of glucose in urine means diabetes - blood tests to confirm - normally low
