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FA Therio > 3: Cow Infertility > Flashcards

3: Cow Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

Four stages of reproductive failure in cattle:

A

Failure to ovulate after estrus
Failure of fertilization
Embryonic Death
Fetal Death

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2
Q

Pregnancy wastage:

A

combines embryonic, fetal, and neonatal deaths

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3
Q

What failures of reproduction result in normal cycle lengthts?

A

Failure of fertilization to occur and EED before day 16

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4
Q

When is a pregnancy loss considered fetal death/abortion?

A

After 42 days

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5
Q

What is pathognomonic for trithichomoniasis in cows?

A

Post-coital pyometra

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6
Q

When does T. foetus cause infertility in cows?

A

Infertility and some 1st half abortions

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7
Q

What clinical sign is consistent with campylobacteriosis in cows?

A

Mucopurulent endometritis

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8
Q

How does campylobacteriosis cause infertility in cows (Mechanism)?

A

EED from local inflammation (IgA/IgG)
Does not directly affect fertilization or embryo development

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9
Q

How to test for campy?

A

rtPCR (antigens) from cervical swab/uterine wash

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10
Q

What do mollicute infections cause in cows?

A

Vulvovaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, abortions

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11
Q

How do mollicute infections cause infertility?

A

Reluctance to breed (it hurt she say no thank you)

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12
Q

What does BHV-1 cause in cows?

A

Pustular vulvovaginitis, endometritis, oophoritis, decreased luteal function

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13
Q

Which serovar of leptospirosis is specifically associated with infertility?

A

Hardjo

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14
Q

How does H. somni cause infertility in the cow?

A

Can adhere to the zona pellucida of intact embryos and cause degredation

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15
Q

When does a cow have to be infected with BVDV to see decreased conception and EED?

A

At breeding

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16
Q

What clinical signs are associated with BVDV in cows?

A

Oophoritis, salpingitis, hormone alteration

17
Q

What are precursors for endometritis in cows?

A

parturition, copulation, and AI

18
Q

Findings consistent with pyometra in cows?

A

Voluminous intraluminal fluid of medium echogenicity
persistent CL
found at 30d preg checks typically

19
Q

Treatment for pyometra in cows?

A

Prostaglandin (lyse CL)

20
Q

Findings consistent with hydrometra in cows?

A

accumulation of sterile anechoic-slightly echoic fluid in uterine lumen NOT associated with pregnancy

21
Q

What are neoplastic causes of infertility in cows?

A

Uterine Lymphosarc (BLV)
Uterine/Vaginal carcinoma, leiomyoma
GCT

22
Q

Definition of cystic ovaries?

A

persistent anovulatory follicular structures
2.5cm or larger
persists in absence of CL

23
Q

Pathophys of cystic ovaries?

A

Lack of LH surge when follicle reaches ovulatory size

24
Q

Tx of cystic ovaries:

A

GnRH agonist or CIDR placement
OvSynch protocol

25
Q

What is the incidence of freemartinism?

A

92% of heterosexual twins

26
Q

What is the mechanism that causes freemartinism?

A

Fusion of chorioallantois & shared blood supply
Exposure of female fetus to AMH

27
Q

Examples of congenital conditions that cause cow infertility?

A

Male psuedohermaphrodites
segmental aplasia of mullerian ducts
incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts

28
Q

At what body temperature does fertility decline?

A

102.2

29
Q

What do phytoestrogens cause in cows?

A

nymphomania, cystic ovaries, swollen genitalia, infertility, impaired preg maintenance, gonadal hypoplasia, anestrus

30
Q

Examples of endocrine disrupting compounds:

A

pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, plasticizers

31
Q

Three categories of toxicants that impact cow fertility:

A

Phytoestrogens
Endocrine Disruptors
Endophyte-infested tall fescue

32
Q

Examples of mineral imbalances that affect cow fertility:

A

Deficiences: cobalt, copper, iodine, manganese, phosphorus, selenium
Excess: molybdenum

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