3: Cow Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

Four stages of reproductive failure in cattle:

A

Failure to ovulate after estrus
Failure of fertilization
Embryonic Death
Fetal Death

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2
Q

Pregnancy wastage:

A

combines embryonic, fetal, and neonatal deaths

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3
Q

What failures of reproduction result in normal cycle lengthts?

A

Failure of fertilization to occur and EED before day 16

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4
Q

When is a pregnancy loss considered fetal death/abortion?

A

After 42 days

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5
Q

What is pathognomonic for trithichomoniasis in cows?

A

Post-coital pyometra

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6
Q

When does T. foetus cause infertility in cows?

A

Infertility and some 1st half abortions

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7
Q

What clinical sign is consistent with campylobacteriosis in cows?

A

Mucopurulent endometritis

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8
Q

How does campylobacteriosis cause infertility in cows (Mechanism)?

A

EED from local inflammation (IgA/IgG)
Does not directly affect fertilization or embryo development

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9
Q

How to test for campy?

A

rtPCR (antigens) from cervical swab/uterine wash

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10
Q

What do mollicute infections cause in cows?

A

Vulvovaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, abortions

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11
Q

How do mollicute infections cause infertility?

A

Reluctance to breed (it hurt she say no thank you)

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12
Q

What does BHV-1 cause in cows?

A

Pustular vulvovaginitis, endometritis, oophoritis, decreased luteal function

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13
Q

Which serovar of leptospirosis is specifically associated with infertility?

A

Hardjo

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14
Q

How does H. somni cause infertility in the cow?

A

Can adhere to the zona pellucida of intact embryos and cause degredation

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15
Q

When does a cow have to be infected with BVDV to see decreased conception and EED?

A

At breeding

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16
Q

What clinical signs are associated with BVDV in cows?

A

Oophoritis, salpingitis, hormone alteration

17
Q

What are precursors for endometritis in cows?

A

parturition, copulation, and AI

18
Q

Findings consistent with pyometra in cows?

A

Voluminous intraluminal fluid of medium echogenicity
persistent CL
found at 30d preg checks typically

19
Q

Treatment for pyometra in cows?

A

Prostaglandin (lyse CL)

20
Q

Findings consistent with hydrometra in cows?

A

accumulation of sterile anechoic-slightly echoic fluid in uterine lumen NOT associated with pregnancy

21
Q

What are neoplastic causes of infertility in cows?

A

Uterine Lymphosarc (BLV)
Uterine/Vaginal carcinoma, leiomyoma
GCT

22
Q

Definition of cystic ovaries?

A

persistent anovulatory follicular structures
2.5cm or larger
persists in absence of CL

23
Q

Pathophys of cystic ovaries?

A

Lack of LH surge when follicle reaches ovulatory size

24
Q

Tx of cystic ovaries:

A

GnRH agonist or CIDR placement
OvSynch protocol

25
What is the incidence of freemartinism?
92% of heterosexual twins
26
What is the mechanism that causes freemartinism?
Fusion of chorioallantois & shared blood supply Exposure of female fetus to AMH
27
Examples of congenital conditions that cause cow infertility?
Male psuedohermaphrodites segmental aplasia of mullerian ducts incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts
28
At what body temperature does fertility decline?
102.2
29
What do phytoestrogens cause in cows?
nymphomania, cystic ovaries, swollen genitalia, infertility, impaired preg maintenance, gonadal hypoplasia, anestrus
30
Examples of endocrine disrupting compounds:
pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, plasticizers
31
Three categories of toxicants that impact cow fertility:
Phytoestrogens Endocrine Disruptors Endophyte-infested tall fescue
32
Examples of mineral imbalances that affect cow fertility:
Deficiences: cobalt, copper, iodine, manganese, phosphorus, selenium Excess: molybdenum