2: Bull BSE & Male Diseases

Question 1

What is evaluated about the sperm in a bull BSE?

Answer 1

Motility (minimim 30% progressive)
Morphology (minimum 70% normal)

Question 2

What are reasons to defer a bull on BSE?

Answer 2

First offense not meeting sperm parameters
<18mo not meeting sperm parameters
Disease with good prognosis of recovery (Mild pinkeye, hoof abscess, etc)

Question 3

What are reasons to classify a bull as an unsatisfactory potential breeder?

Answer 3

Failed >1 BSE with no improvement
<minimum scrotal circumference for age
Disease with poor prognosis of recovery

Question 4

Methods of managing bovine preputial prolapse and laceration?

Answer 4

Control sepsis
Reduce edema (hydrotherapy, emollient, bandage)
Return damaged tissues to preputial cavity

Question 5

What is the pathophysiology of preputial stenosis?

Answer 5

Injury-> Scar Tissue-> cicatrix formation-> preputial stenosis-> phimosis

Question 6

What leads to retropreputial abscesses?

Answer 6

Retraction of damaged tissues following an injury that goes unnoticed

Question 7

At what age is it considered a persistent frenulum?

Answer 7

12 months

Question 8

What penile abnormality may be considered normal when using an EEJ

Answer 8

Spiral deviation of the penis. Must observe occurring BEFORE insertion during breeding to consider pathologic

Question 9

What is the mechanism of spiral deviation of the penis?

Answer 9

dorsal apical ligament slips laterally prior to insertion

Question 10

Which penile deviation is always considered pathologic and not an artifact of EEJ?

Answer 10

Ventral deviation of the penis

Question 11

What are causes of infectious pustular balanoposthitis?

Answer 11

BHV-1
Mollicutes: Ureaplasma diverticulum and Mycoplasma bovis

Question 12

What is the treatment of choice for infectious pustular balanoposthitis?

Answer 12

Macrolides- treats mollicutes

BHV-1 will resolve with time

Question 13

What are some ways that High BCS can effect fertility?

Answer 13

increased incidence of lameness
testicular degeneration due to scrotal insulation

Question 14

What are some ways that low BCS can effect fertility?

Answer 14

Insufficient energy
Poor semen quality

Question 15

What are the reproductive effects of gossypol toxicity?

Answer 15

Reduced libido, decreased spermatogenesis and sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology

Question 16

What is the mechanism of gossypol toxicity?

Answer 16

Enzyme inhibition of steroid synthesis in testicular leydig cells and direct mitochondrial damage in spermatozoa

Question 17

Gossypol toxicity is a result of _____________ exposure and is considered ______________

Answer 17

Chronic, Cummulative
Reversible

Question 18

What morphologic abnormalities of sperm are considered genetic?

Answer 18

Dag defects (>50%)
Knobbed Acrosomes (>20%)
Stump Tail (>20-25%)
Detached Heads (80-100%)

Question 19

What morphologic abnormality of sperm is associated with age/immaturity?

Answer 19

High #s of proximal droplet defects.
Defer if <18mo

Question 20

What causes proximal droplet defects?

Answer 20

Common in prepubertal bulls.
Due to abnormal spermiogenesis; testicular in origin

Question 21

List two ways that heat & cold stress can effect fertility?

Answer 21

Scrotal frostbite
Improper heat regulation

Question 22

What are risk factors for opportunistic infections of the repro tract in bulls

Answer 22

Acidosis! (think how we push feed to young bulls to get them to bulk up)
External lesions & microtrauma

Question 23

What are causes of vesiculitis?

Answer 23

Opportunistics, B. abortus and rarely T. foetus

Question 24

Common age of bulls with vesiculitis:

Answer 24

Young peripubertal or >9y