2: Bull BSE & Male Diseases Flashcards
What is evaluated about the sperm in a bull BSE?
Motility (minimim 30% progressive)
Morphology (minimum 70% normal)
What are reasons to defer a bull on BSE?
First offense not meeting sperm parameters
<18mo not meeting sperm parameters
Disease with good prognosis of recovery (Mild pinkeye, hoof abscess, etc)
What are reasons to classify a bull as an unsatisfactory potential breeder?
Failed >1 BSE with no improvement
<minimum scrotal circumference for age
Disease with poor prognosis of recovery
Methods of managing bovine preputial prolapse and laceration?
Control sepsis
Reduce edema (hydrotherapy, emollient, bandage)
Return damaged tissues to preputial cavity
What is the pathophysiology of preputial stenosis?
Injury-> Scar Tissue-> cicatrix formation-> preputial stenosis-> phimosis
What leads to retropreputial abscesses?
Retraction of damaged tissues following an injury that goes unnoticed
At what age is it considered a persistent frenulum?
12 months
What penile abnormality may be considered normal when using an EEJ
Spiral deviation of the penis. Must observe occurring BEFORE insertion during breeding to consider pathologic
What is the mechanism of spiral deviation of the penis?
dorsal apical ligament slips laterally prior to insertion
Which penile deviation is always considered pathologic and not an artifact of EEJ?
Ventral deviation of the penis
What are causes of infectious pustular balanoposthitis?
BHV-1
Mollicutes: Ureaplasma diverticulum and Mycoplasma bovis
What is the treatment of choice for infectious pustular balanoposthitis?
Macrolides- treats mollicutes
BHV-1 will resolve with time
What are some ways that High BCS can effect fertility?
increased incidence of lameness
testicular degeneration due to scrotal insulation
What are some ways that low BCS can effect fertility?
Insufficient energy
Poor semen quality
What are the reproductive effects of gossypol toxicity?
Reduced libido, decreased spermatogenesis and sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology
What is the mechanism of gossypol toxicity?
Enzyme inhibition of steroid synthesis in testicular leydig cells and direct mitochondrial damage in spermatozoa
Gossypol toxicity is a result of _____________ exposure and is considered ______________
Chronic, Cummulative
Reversible
What morphologic abnormalities of sperm are considered genetic?
Dag defects (>50%)
Knobbed Acrosomes (>20%)
Stump Tail (>20-25%)
Detached Heads (80-100%)
What morphologic abnormality of sperm is associated with age/immaturity?
High #s of proximal droplet defects.
Defer if <18mo
What causes proximal droplet defects?
Common in prepubertal bulls.
Due to abnormal spermiogenesis; testicular in origin
List two ways that heat & cold stress can effect fertility?
Scrotal frostbite
Improper heat regulation
What are risk factors for opportunistic infections of the repro tract in bulls
Acidosis! (think how we push feed to young bulls to get them to bulk up)
External lesions & microtrauma
What are causes of vesiculitis?
Opportunistics, B. abortus and rarely T. foetus
Common age of bulls with vesiculitis:
Young peripubertal or >9y
