3: Cells

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Lipid bilayer that surrounds cells and allows in-and-out of substances

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Fluid inside the cells that contains organelles

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Control center of the cell

Question 4

Extracellular Materials

Answer 4

Substances outside of cells

Question 5

Integral membrane proteins

Answer 5

Firmly inserted in membrane, transmembrane, aid in transportation

Question 6

Peripheral membrane proteins

Answer 6

Loosely attached to membrane, used for connections between cells

Question 7

Glycocalyx

Answer 7

Sugars sticking out of cell surface, different patterns for every cell, bio-markers

Question 8

Tight Junction

Answer 8

Integral proteins fuse to create impermeable connections

Question 9

Desmosomes

Answer 9

Zipper-like, linker proteins (cadherins)

Question 10

Gap Junctions

Answer 10

Transmembrane connexons form tunnels for small molecules

Question 11

Passive Transport

Answer 11

Requires no energy, like diffusion

Question 12

Simple Passive

Answer 12

Lipid-soluble and non-polar, small molecules

Question 13

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 13

Large, non-lipid, polar, uses assistance of carrier molecules

Question 14

Osmosis

Answer 14

Movement of a solvent (usually water)

Question 15

Osmolarity

Answer 15

Concentration of total solute particles

Question 16

Tonicity

Answer 16

Ability of a solution to change shape

Question 17

Isotonic

Answer 17

Same osmolarity inside and outside the cell

Question 18

Hypertonic

Answer 18

Higher osmolarity out of the cell, water flows out (crenation)

Question 19

Hypotonic

Answer 19

Higher osmolarity inside of the cell, water flows in (lysing)

Question 20

Active Transport

Answer 20

Requires energy, usually ATP/carrier proteins

Question 21

Antiporters

Answer 21

Move one substance in, one substance out

Question 22

Symporters

Answer 22

Move two substances in same direction

Question 23

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Answer 23

Pumps 3NA+ out, 2K+ in (antiporter)

Question 24

Vesicular Transport

Answer 24

Large particles, macromolecules, fluids in sacs (vesicles)

Question 25

Endocytosis

Answer 25

Transport into the cell

Question 26

Exocytosis

Answer 26

Transport out of the cell, ejected by secretory vesicle

Question 27

Transcytosis

Answer 27

Into, across, and then out of the cell

Question 28

Phagocytosis

Answer 28

Cell “eating”, engulfing of a large particle in a vesicle

Question 29

Pinocytosis

Answer 29

Cell “drinking”, nutrient absorption, small molecules dissolved in extracellular fluid

Question 30

Receptor-Mediated Transport

Answer 30

Specifically facilitated, like enzymes and substrates

Question 31

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 31

Energy produced by separation of neg. and pos. charged particles (K+ is body’s main influence)