Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Parasitology Lecture (transes edition) > 3: BLOOD AND TISSUE FLAGELLATES > Flashcards

3: BLOOD AND TISSUE FLAGELLATES Flashcards

1
Q

It can be found in various body fluids including ______________________________.

A

blood, body fluid aspirations, and some in tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Younger stages in ________ and mature in

A

tissue, blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Found in ___

A

CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prevalent in ____________ countries

A

European

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is dependent on the _____________ and clinical symptoms for speciation of the __________.

A

patient history, genera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mode of transmission is via the ________________________

A

bite of an arthropod vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reproduce in the ____

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Last stage is _______ (Diagnostic stage)

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 LIFE CYCLE STAGES:

A

Vector stages and human stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

4 things to remember.

A
  • Kinetoplast
    o Parabasal body
    o Blepharoblast
  • Nucleus
  • Flagella
  • Undulating membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Kinetoplast is composed of

A

o Parabasal body
o Blepharoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Size: 5 x 3 um
Shape: Round to oval
Nucleus:One, eccentric
Otherfeatures: Presence of kinetoplast, “dot-like” blepharoplast, and small axoneme
Anterior amastigote – always round to oval
* Kinetoplast is anterior to the nucleus
* No flagella
* No undulating membrane

A

Amastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Size: 9 to 15 um
Shape: Long and slender
Nucleus: One, near center
Otherfeatures: Presence of kinetoplast located of anterior end, anterior flagellum
More slender appearance
* Kinetoplast – anterior to nucleus
* Flagella will always be located to the anterior
* No undulating membrane

A

Promastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Size: 9 to 15 um
Shape: Long, slightly wider
Nucleus:One, posterior
Other features: Presence of kinetoplast on anterior of nucleus, undulating membrane (1/2 of body length), anterior flagellum
* Kinetoplast is anterior to the nucleus
* With flagella
* With undulating membrane

A

Epimastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Size: 12 to 35 um x 2 to 4 um
Shape: C, S, U shaped; long and slender
Nucleus: One, anterior to kinetoplast
Other features: Presence of kinetoplast located of posterior end, undulating
membrane (whole body), anterior flagellum
* Kinetoplast – located at posterior to nucleus
* Anterior Flagella
* Undulating Membrane
(Whole body)

A

Trypomastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Leishmania life cycle

A

A - P - P - A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trypanosoma life cycle

A

T – A – P – E – T - T – A – P – E – T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LEISHMANIA
1. Only ___________ and ____________ stages are present.

A

amastigote & promastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LEISHMANIA
Infective form of vector is _____________.

A

amastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

LEISHMANIA
3. Infective form of human is __________.

A

promastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

LEISHMANIA
4. End stage is ________________.

A

promastigote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trypanosoma
1. __________ only exhibits the four stages of develomental life cycle, while the other trypanosoma only has epimastigote and
trypomastigote.

A

T. Cruzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_________ develops in the tissues

A

A P E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_ goes into the blood circulation

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
E and T only
T E T – T E T
26
Leishmania donovani complex Old World:
L. donovani, L. infantum
27
Leishmania donovani complex New World:
L. chagasi
28
Vector
Sandfly
29
Other leishmania spp.
Phlebotomous
30
L. Chagasi vector
Luztomiya
31
Leishmania tropica complex
L. tropica, L. aethiopica, L. major
32
Leishmania mexicana complex
L. mexicana, L. amazonensis, L. venezuelensis, L. pifanoi, L. garnhami
33
Leishmania Viannia braziliensis complex
L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) peruviana, L. (V.) guyanensi
34
Most common form of leishmaniasis
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)
35
Synonyms of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)
Delhi boils, Baghdad boils, Jericho boils, Jericho buttons, Orientalsore, Oriental button, Aleppo button
36
main causative agents of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL)
L tropica complex and L. Mexicana complex
37
dry or urban oriental sore
L.tropica
38
-moist or rural oriental sore
L. Major
39
chiclero ulcer or bay sore
L. Mexicna
40
Anergic or Lepromatousleishmaniasis
Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
41
Localized, non-ulcerating papule, eventually developing numerous diffuse satellite lesions.
Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
42
Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Initially diagnosed as
lepromatous leprosy.
43
one of the causative agent of Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
L. Pifanoi
44
Localized, non-ulcerating papule, eventually developing numerous diffuse satellite lesions.
L. Pifanoi
45
American Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis, Forest Yaws, Pian Bois, Espundia, Bubas, Uta
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
46
Involvement of the mucous membranes of the nasal and oral cavities resulting in nasal disease processes and destruction of the nasal septum.
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
47
main causative agent of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
L. Braziliensis
48
Kala Azar Fever, Black Fever, Dum Dum Fever, Post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL)
Visceral Leishmaniasis
49
Most severe form of leishmaniasis
Visceral Leishmaniasis
50
Characterized by fever, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, hemorrhage, and enlargement of the abdomen associated with hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of liver and spleen.
Visceral Leishmaniasis
51
main causative agents of Visceral Leishmaniasis
L.donovani complex
52
Primary treatment of Leishmania spp.
* Sodium stibogluconate (Pentosam) * Meglumine (n-methyl-glucamine; Glucantime)
53
In cases of resistance:
* Amphotericin B (IV) * Miltefosine – VL visceral leishmaniasis . * Pentamidine – VL; limited use due to side effects
54
Trypanosoma species
* Trypanosoma cruzi * Trypanosoma brucei complex o Trypanosoma brucei gambiense o Trypanosoma brucei rhodosiense o Trypanosona brucei brucei (cattles) * Trypanosoma rangeli (non-pathogenic)
55
VECTOR of Trypanosoma spp.
TRIATOME BUG (for t. Cruzi only) (reduviid or kissing bug -saliva) or TSETSE FLY (feces) (for other spp.)
56
t. Cruzi vector
TRIATOME BUG
57
for other spp. vector (Trypanosoma spp.)
TSETSE FLY
58
Synonyms: Chaga’s Disease Discovered by charles chaga
American Trypanosomiasis
59
Initial symptom of American Trypanosomiasis
chagoma (erythematous nodule)
60
If inoculation through ocular mucosa: _______________ (conjunctivitis and unilateral edema of the eyelids)
romanas sign
61
Disease may develop enlargement of the heart and/or colon.
American Trypanosomiasis
62
main causative agent of American Trypanosomiasis
T. Cruzi
63
Synonyms: African Sleeping Sickness
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)
64
- Causes somnolence in patients - Persistent infetion may cause coma.
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)
65
Causative agents of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense - Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
66
Gambian Trypanosomiasis/West African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
67
Rhodesian Trypanosomiasis/East Africa sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense:
68
Eschar (chancre), Winterbottom’s sign, Kerandel’s sign (late pain sensation)
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
69
o Much more virulent than T. gambiense o Lymphadenopathy is absent.
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense:
70
Parasites proliferate in the blood stream and lymphatics.
Hemolymphatic stage
71
- Winterbottom’ssign occurs(for T. __________) - Fever, headache, muscle pain, and heart involvement. - Lasts for 1 to 6 months.
Early phase, gambiense
72
Involvement of the CNS
Meningoencephalitic stage
73
- Manifest for 3 to 10 months in T. gambiense and only a few weeks for T. rhodesiense. - Kerandel’s sign occur. - Somnolence manifests, followed by deep coma.
Late phase
74
Treatment of First stages
* IV suramin sodium * IM pentamidine (for Gambian)
75
Treatment of CNS involvement
* IV melarsoprol o Side effect: Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (lysis of trypanosome) * Nitrofurazoine (alternative) * Eflornithine (lesstoxic than nitrofurazoine; only for T. gambiense)
76
lysis of trypanosome
Side effect: Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

Clinical Parasitology Lecture (transes edition) (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions