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Clinical Parasitology Lecture (transes edition) > 2: FLAGELLATES AND CILIATES > Flashcards

2: FLAGELLATES AND CILIATES Flashcards

1
Q

PHYLUM ____________
SUBPHYLUM __________________
CLASS _________________

A

PROTOZOA
MASTIGOPHORA
ZOOMASTIGOPHORA

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2
Q

No known cyst stage (in several species) but some have cyst and trophozoite life cycle.

A

True

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3
Q

____ are more resistant if two morphological characteristics. Trophozoite if trophozoite only.

A

Cyst

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4
Q

___________________ are considered to be more resistant to destructive forces and in the outside environment in species with no
known cyst stage.

A

Trophozoites

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5
Q

Intestine (Flagellates)

A

Giardia intestinalis
Retortamonas intestinalis
Enteromonas hominis
Chilomastix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis
Pentatrichomonas hominis

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6
Q

Buccal cavity (Flagellates)

A

Trichomonas tenax

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7
Q

Urogential tract (Flagellates)

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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8
Q

Intestine (Ciliate)

A

Balatidium coli

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9
Q

whip-like structures; for movement.

A

Flagella/Flagellum

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10
Q

Fin-like structure connected at the outer edge of some flagellates. Support movement along with flagella.

A

Undulating membrane

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11
Q

basal fiber supporting the undulating membrane.

A

Costa

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12
Q

Rod-like support structure found in some flagellates. Support the movement of flagella.

A

Axostyle

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13
Q

microtubules; mechanical part of flagellates.

A

Axoneme

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14
Q

GENERAL LIFE CYCLE: FLAGELLATES AND CILIATES

A

CYST
HUMAN
TROPHOZOITE
CYST

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15
Q

Giardia intestinalis Previous name:

A

Cercomonas intestinalis

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16
Q

Giardia intestinalis Synonym:

A

Giardia lamblia, giardia duodenalis

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17
Q

Originally observed by Anton Von Leeuwenhoek on his own stool.

A

1681

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18
Q

1859 & 1895 - First described by ____________________ and called it Cercomonas intestinalis and 1895 – ___________________.

A

Dr. Vilem Dusan lambl & Dr. Alfred Giard

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19
Q

Dr. Stiles renamed it as Giardia lamblia in honor of the discoverer.

A

1915

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20
Q

Size: 8 to 17 um x 6 to 10 um
Shape: Oval
Nucleus: 2 for mature cyst, with four central karyosomes, no peripheral chromatin
Cytoplasm: Retracted from cell wall creating a clear zone.
Other features: Median bodies – act as a support in cyst. Interior flagellar structure

A

G. intestinalis cyst

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21
Q

Size: 8 to 20 um x 5 to 16 um
Shape: Pear-shaped,teardrop-shaped, old man’s glasses
Nucleus: 2 ovoid-shaped, with large karyosome, no peripheral chromatin
Flagella: 4 pairs
Other features: Median bodies* - are also used for support
Axonemes
Sucking disc* - attach in intestinal mucosa and manifest pathogenesis; are
also used for nourishment.

A

G. intestinalis trophozoite

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22
Q

Resemblance of giardia intestinalis trophozoite

A
  • Old man with glasses
  • Old man with whiskers
  • Cartoon character
  • Monkey’s face
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23
Q

3 pathologic forms of giardia intestinalis

A
  1. Villous flattening – Flatenning of microvilli
  2. Crypt hypertrophy
  3. Enterocyte apoptosis (programed cell death)
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24
Q

Clinical manifestations of giardia intestinalis

A
  • May often show asymptomatic.
  • Traveler’s Diarrhea – most common amebiasis
  • Most pathogenic amebiasis – amebic colitis
  • Mild diarrhea
  • Flatulence – “rotten-egg like” caused by sulfur* production.
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25
most common amebiasis
Traveler’s Diarrhea
26
Flatulence – “rotten-egg like” caused by ______________ * production.
sulfur
27
production of fatty and greasy stool. Frothy
Steatorrhea
28
Treatment of g. intestinalis
Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Nitazoxanide
29
Size: 8-15 um up to 30um long Shape: May appear as ovoid, round, pyriform, or pear-like. Nucleus: One Flagella: 3-5 anterior flagella, 1 flagellum embedded in the undulating membrane (1/2 of body length) Other features: Rapid jerky motility* One nucleus Median axostyle
Trichomonas vaginalis, TROPHOZOITE FORM
30
Life cycle of t. vaginalis
1. Sexual contact 2. Ping pong diseases.
31
Alternative MOT of t. vaginalis
* Towel * Public restroom.
32
Clinical manifestations of t. vaginalis * Asymptomatic cases most frequently in males.
* Persistent urethritis/prostatitis * Persistent vaginitis
33
Degeneration and desquamation of the __________________
vaginal epithelium
34
Purulent secretions: “greenish” and or “yellowish” in color.
Purulent secretions:
35
“Strawberry cervix”
t. vaginalis
36
Normal pH level of vagina
2 -3 pH level of vagina, become alkaline when infected.
37
Does not cross the placenta. Only infected if the baby has passed the cervix.
True
38
Treatment of t. vaginalis
Metronidazole, Tinidazole
39
Common in homosexual men.
Gay Bowel Disease
40
Size: 3 to 9 um x 5 um Shape: Lemon-shaped, pear-shaped Nucleus: One, located in the anterior-central region with central karyosome, may be surrounded by a delicate ring of chromatin. Other features: Two fused fibrils Bird beak appearance in the anterior part.
Retortamonas intestinalis CYST FORM
41
Size: 3 to 7 um x 5 to 6 um Shape: Ovoid Nucleus: One, with small central karyosome, with ring of chromatin granules on nuclear membrane Flagella: 2 (anterior) Other features: Cytostome (1/2 of the body) with well-defined fibril border (attached in the anterior) Jerky motility
Retortamonas intestinalis TROPHOZOITE FORM
42
Size: 3 to 10 um x 4 to 7 um Shape: Oval, elongated Nucleus: Binucleated and quadrinucleated, located on opposite ends, central karyosome, no peripheral chromatin Other features: None
Enteromonas hominis CYST FORM
43
Size: 3 to 10 um x 3 to 7 um Shape: Ovoid,sometime half-circle Nucleus: One, with central karyosome, no peripheral chromatin Flagella: 3 (anterior), 1 (posterior) Other features: Jerky motility
Enteromonas hominis TROPHOZOITE FORM
44
Size: 5 to 10 um Shape: Lemon-shaped* with clear hyaline knob extending the anterior end (bluntly conical, knob-like protruberance*) Nucleus: One, with large central karyosome, no peripheral chromatin Other features: Well-defined cytostome located on one side of the nucleus
Chilomastix mesnili CYST FORM
45
Size: 5 to 25 um x 5 to 10 um Shape: Pear-shaped Nucleus: One, with small central or eccentric karyosome, no peripheral chromatin Flagella: 3 (anterior), 1 (posterior from cytostome) Other features: Stiff,rotary, directional motility Spiral groove Prominent cytostome extending 1/3 or 1/2 of body length (Shepered’s crook) Corkscrew motility
Chilomastix mesnili TROPHOZOITE FORM
46
Size: 5 to 18 um Shape: Irregularly round Nucleus: Two, with clumps of 4 to 8 chromatin granules, no peripheral chromatin (rosette-shaped nucleus ) Flagella: None Other features: Progressive motility (broad pseudopodia) Bacteria-filled cytoplasm
Dientamoeba fragilis No known cyst stage TROPHOZOITE FORM
47
Pentatrichomonas hominis Previous name
trichomonas hominis
48
Size: 7 to 20 um x 5 to 18 um Shape: Pear-shaped Nucleus: One, with a small central karyosome, no peripheral chromatin Flagella: 3 to 5 (anterior), 1 (posterior of the undulating membrane) Other features: Conical cytostome cleft (anterior) Undulating membrane (full body)* Axostyle extends beyond the body Nervous / jerky motility
Pentatrichomonas hominis No known cyst stage TROPHOZOITE FORM
49
Size: 5 to 14 um Shape: Oval, pear-shaped Nucleus: One, ovoid nucleus, with vesicular chromatin granules Flagella: 4 (anterior), 1 (posterior of the undulating membrane) Other features: Conical cytostome cleft (anterior) Undulating membrane (2/3 of body length)* Thick axostyle (curved) Small anterior cytostome Unable to survive the digestive process.
Trichomonas tenax Synonym: trichomonas gingivalis TROPHOZOITE FORM
50
largest intestinal protozoan
Balantidium coli
51
Previous: Paramecium coli
Balantidium coli
52
Size: 43 to 66 um Shape: Round Nucleus: Two Kidney shaped macronucleus Small spherical micronucleus – Other features: Double cyst wall Cilia present in the cyst wall.
Balantidium coli CYST FORM
53
Size: 28 to 152 um c 22 to 123 Shape: Round Nucleus: Two Kidney-shaped macronucleus Smallspherical micronucleus Other features: Rotary, boring motility Layer of cilia around organism With vacuoles Cytoplasm may contain food/bacteria Cytostome - Mouth Cytopyge – Anus
Balantidium coli TROPHOZOITE FORM
54
vegetative part – food storage
macronucleus
55
reproduction; contains genetic material.
micronucleus
56
Mouth
Cytostome
57
Anus
Cytopyge
58
not equal in division
Asymmetric binary fission
59
3 forms of clinical manifestation of b. coli
* Asymptomatic * Fulminant balintidiasis / Balintidial dysentery * Often resemble amoebic dysentery * Ulceration in the mucosa – “round shaped” * Bloody and mucoid stools may be present. * Chronic * Extrainstestinal – Liver Lungs
60
Ulceration in the mucosa of b. coli
“round shaped”
61
Treatment of b.coli
Tetracycline, Metronidazole
62
Alternative treatment of b.coli
Iodoquinol, Doxycycline, Nitazoxanide

Clinical Parasitology Lecture (transes edition) (3 decks)

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