3 - Biothermodynamics

Question 1

What is the transfer of energy between and within living organisms?

Answer 1

Thermodynamics

Question 2

What are the two main types of energy?

Answer 2

1. Kinetic
2. Potential

Question 3

What is the energy of motion?

Answer 3

Kinetic Energy

Question 4

What is the stored energy in chemical bonds?

Answer 4

Potential Energy

Question 5

Which type of reaction is spontaneous and release energy?

Answer 5

Exergonic Reaction

Question 6

Which type of reaction is non-spontaneous and required energy?

Answer 6

Endergonic Reaction

Question 7

What is the DeltaH component in the Gibbs Free Energy Formula?

Answer 7

Enthalpy

Question 8

What is the DeltaS component in the Gibbs Free Energy Formula?

Answer 8

Entropy

Question 9

The breakdown of ATP into ADP + Pi + Energy is referred to as what?

Answer 9

ATP Hydrolysis

Question 10

ATP Hydrolysis is what type of reaction?

Answer 10

Exergonic

Question 11

What are the 3 Laws of Thermodynamics?

Answer 11

1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
2. Entropy increases in closed systems
3. Entropy minimizes as temperature approaches absolute zero

Question 12

Non-protein structures that assist enzymes

Answer 12

Cofactors

Question 13

What are the 2 types of Cofactors?

Answer 13

1. Organic Cofactors
2. Inorganic Cofactors

Question 14

Example of an Organic Cofactor

Answer 14

Vitamins, Heme Groups

Question 15

Example of an Inorganic Cofactor

Answer 15

Metal Ions (Fe2+ or Meg2+)

Question 16

A product of a reaction binds to and inhibits the enzyme, preventing excess product formation is defined as what?

Answer 16

Feedback Inhibition

Question 17

Maximum reaction rate is depicted by what variable?

Answer 17

Vmax

Question 18

Substrate concentration at 1/2 Vmax is depicted by which variable?

Answer 18

Km

Question 19

Which variable measures substrate affinity?

Answer 19

Km

Question 20

Which type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds reversibly to the enzyme’s active site and can be overcome by increasing substrate concentration?

Answer 20

Competitive Inhibition

Question 21

Vmax is unaffected and Km increases in which type of inhibition?

Answer 21

Competitive Inhibition

Question 22

Which type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, reducing enzyme activity?

Answer 22

Non-Competitive Inhibition

Question 23

Vmax decreases and Km is unaffected in which type of inhibition?

Answer 23

Non-Competitive Inhibition

Question 24

Which type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to the allosteric site, causing the enzyme to become inactive?

Answer 24

Allosteric Inhibition

Question 25

When substrate binding increases the affinity for additional substrates to bind, this is referred to as what?

Answer 25

Positive Cooperativity

Question 26

What is the term used to describe RNA molecules with enzymatic function?

Answer 26

Ribozymes

Question 27

What is the term used to describe inactive enzyme precursors that require activation?

Answer 27

Zymogens