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DAT - Biology Ch. 1 > 2 - Cells and Organelles > Flashcards

2 - Cells and Organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three components found in all cells?

A
  1. Plasma Membrane
  2. DNA
  3. Ribosomes
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2
Q

Which organelle controls gene expression and contains DNA?

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

What are the (3) key components of the nucleus?

A
  1. Nuclear Envelope
  2. Nuclear Lamina
  3. Nucleolus
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4
Q

Which organelle functions in protein synthesis and post-translational modification (e.g., glycoproteins)

A

Rough ER

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5
Q

Which organelle functions in lipid and steroid synthesis, detoxification (liver), and Ca2+ storage (muscle)

A

Smooth ER

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6
Q

What 3 components do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes lack?

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Membrane-bound organelles
  3. Complexity
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7
Q

What model describes the cell membrane as a flexible structure where phospholipids move freely and proteins are embedded?

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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8
Q

What are the (3) components of the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Intermediate Filaments
  3. Microtubules
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9
Q

Which component of the cytoskeleton function as actin filaments that aid in motility (e.g., muscle contraction)?

A

Microfilaments

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10
Q

Which component of the cytoskeleton provide structural support (e.g., keratin)?

A

Intermediate Filaments

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11
Q

Which component of the cytoskeleton function in cell division (spindle apparatus), motility (cilia/flagella), and intracellular transport?

A

Microtubules

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12
Q

Which organelle breaks down nutrients, organelles, and phagocytosed particles?

A

Lysosomes

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13
Q

Which organelle breaks down toxic substances using catalase?

A

Peroxisomes

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14
Q

What are the (3) pieces of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory?

A

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts:
1. Have circular DNA
2. Divide by binary fission
3. Contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes

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15
Q

What are the (3) types of vacuoles?

A
  1. Transport Vacuoles
  2. Central Vacuole
  3. Contractile Vacuole
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16
Q

Which type of vacuole is responsible for moving substances between organelles and the plasma membrane?

A

Transport Vacuole

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17
Q

Which type of vacuole is responsible for storing water/nutrients and providing turgor pressure?

A

Central Vacuole

18
Q

Which type of vacuole is responsible for expelling water in hypotonic environments?

A

Contractile Vacuole

19
Q

What are the (2) types of Membrane Proteins?

A
  1. Peripheral Proteins
  2. Integral Proteins
20
Q

Which membrane protein is responsible for attaching to the surface and is hydrophilic?

A

Peripheral

21
Q

Which membrane protein is embedded and hydrophobic?

A

Integral

22
Q

Transmembrane Proteins are a class of which type of membrane protein?

A

Integral Proteins

23
Q

What are the (5) functions of membrane proteins?

A
  1. Transport
  2. Receptors
  3. Adhesion
  4. Recognition
  5. Enzymatic
24
Q

Which type of transport does NOT require ATP?

A

Passive Transport

25
Q

Which type of transport requires ATP?

A

Active

26
Q

Which type of transport (passive/active) refers to substances moving down their gradient (high to low)

A

Passive Transport

27
Q

Which type of transport (passive/active) refers to substances moving against their gradient (low to high)

A

Active

28
Q

What are the (3) types of Endocytosis?

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Pinocytosis
  3. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
29
Q

Which type of endocytosis involves engulfing large particles (“cell eating”)?

A

Phagocytosis

30
Q

Which type of endocytosis involves engulfing extracellular fluid (“cell drinking”)?

A

Pinocytosis

31
Q

Which type of endocytosis involves specific uptake via receptors?

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

32
Q

What kind of solution involves water entering the cell, causing the cell to swell or burst?

A

Hypotonic

33
Q

What kind of solution involves no net movement; equilibrium?

A

Isotonic

34
Q

What kind of solution involves water exiting the cell, causing the cell to shrink?

A

Hypertonic

35
Q

What are the main (5) components of the ECM?

A
  1. Glycoproteins
  2. Collagen
  3. Proteoglycans
  4. Fibronectin
  5. Integrins
36
Q

What are the (3) functions of the ECM?

A
  1. Structural Support
  2. Adhesion
  3. Signaling
37
Q

What is the cell wall composition of Plants?

A

Cellulose

38
Q

What is the cell wall composition of Fungi?

A

Chitin

39
Q

What is the cell wall composition of Bacteria?

A

Peptidoglycan

40
Q

What is the cell wall composition of Archaea?

A

Polysaccharides

41
Q

What is the cell wall composition of Animals?

A

NO cell wall

DAT - Biology Ch. 1 (2 decks)

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