3: Biological elements Flashcards
What are calcium ions necessary for?
Nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction
What are sodium ions necessary for?
Nerve impulse transmission, kidney function
What are potassium ions necessary for?
Nerve impulse transmission, stomatal opening
What are hydrogen ions necessary for?
Catalysis of reactions, pH determination
What are ammonium ions necessary for?
Production of nitrate ions by bacteria
What are nitrate ions necessary for?
Nitrogen supply to plants for amino acid and protein formation
What are hydrogen carbonate ions necessary for?
Maintenance of blood pH
What are chloride ions necessary for?
Balance positive charge of sodium and potassium ions in cells
What are phosphate ions necessary for?
Cell membrane formation, nucleic acid and ATP formation, bone formation
What are hydroxide ions necessary for?
Catalysis of reactions, pH determination
What elements are in carbohydrates and what is the general formula?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. Cx(H2O)x
What elements are in lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What elements are in proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
What elements are in nucleic acids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
What are polymers?
Long-chain molecules made up by linking multiple monomers in a repeating pattern
