3: ATP Flashcards

1
Q

What do cells require energy for?

A

Synthesis, transport, movement

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2
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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3
Q

What is an ATP molecule composed of?

A

Nitrogenous base (adenine), pentose sugar, three phosphate groups

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4
Q

Why is ATP known as the universal energy currency?

A

It transfers energy in all cells of all living things

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5
Q

How does ATP release energy?

A

Energy is released when bonds are formed. A small amount of energy is needed to break the relatively weak bond holding one phosphate group in ATP and then a large amount of energy is released when the free phosphate undergoes other reactions involving bond formation. Energy released = 30.6kJmol-1

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6
Q

What is the equation for the hydrolysis of ATP (the reaction that release/provides energy)?

A

ATP + H2O –> ADP + Pi (inorganic phosphate) + energy
ATP is hydrolysed into adenosine diphosphate and a phosphate ion, releasing energy

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7
Q

Why is ATP not a good long-term energy store?

A

The instability of the phosphate bonds in ATP

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8
Q

What are better long-term energy store?

A

Fats and carbohydrates

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9
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

Reattaching a phosphate group to an ADP molecule. Occurs when fats and carbohydrates are broken down to release energy to create ATP

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10
Q

Why don’t cells store large amounts of ATP?

A

Due to ATPs instability

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11
Q

Why do cells not need a large store of ATP?

A

ATP is rapidly reformed by phosphorylation of ADP and this interconversion is happening constantly

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12
Q

What are the properties of ATP?

A
  • Small: moves easily into, out and within cells
  • Water soluble: energy-requiring processes happen in aqueous environments
  • Releases energy in small quantities
  • Easily regenerated
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