3. Biodiversity of Animals Flashcards
1
Q
What is a Phylogenetic tree?
A
Shows which phyla evolved and how closely related they are.
2
Q
Name the 6 phyla.
A
- Porifera
- Cnidaria
- Platyhelminthes
- Annelida
- Anthropoda
- Chordata
3
Q
Name the 3 types of symmetry.
A
- Asymmetrical
- Radial
- Bilateral
4
Q
What do animals with Bilateral symmetry do?
A
- Active and constantly moving in search of food, mates and interacting with their environments.
5
Q
Explain Asymmetry and give an example.
A
Can’t be divided into 2 equal parts.
Porifera
6
Q
Explain Radial symmetry and give an example.
A
- Cut through 1+ plane for 2 equal halves.
- Usually sessile
- Cnidaria
7
Q
Explain Bilateral symmetry and give examples.
A
- Divided into 2 equal halves
- Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Chordata
8
Q
Name 2 Primary germ layers.
A
- Ectoderm
- Endoderm
9
Q
What does the Ectoderm do?
A
- Develop into skin/epithelium and nervous system of an animal.
10
Q
What does the Endoderm do?
A
Form digestive system
11
Q
What are animals with only 2 germ layers?
A
- Diploblastic
- Don’t form complex organs
- More primitive animals
12
Q
Name the secondary germ layer that develops into the endoderm and ectoderm.
A
Mesoderm
13
Q
What is the Mesoderm?
A
Develops into connective tissue, bone, blood, reproductive organs, cartilage and lymphatic systems
14
Q
What do you call an animal with 3 tissue layers (embryonic phase)
A
Triploblast
15
Q
What is a Coelom?
A
Body cavity that develops inside mesoderm tissue layer in more advanced animals.
16
Q
Name the 3 types of Coeloms.
A
- Acoelomate
- Pseudocoelomate
- Coelomate
17
Q
Explain a Acoelomate.
A
- No body cavity or coelom
- Diploblast or Triploblast
- Small, less mobile than coelomates
18
Q
Explain a Pseudocoelomate.
A
- Some have body cavity not surrounded by mesoderm
- Cavity= pseudocoelom
19
Q
Explain a Coelomate.
A
- Body cavity/coelom within mesodermal tissue layer.
20
Q
Give 4 advantages of a Coelom.
A
- Allow complex organs to develop.
- Creation of hydrostatic force for movement in soft-bodied animals.
- Separate endoderm and ectoderm with cavity to allow layers to move independently which allows peristalsis to occur.
- Coelomic fluid helps transport nutrients and waste in the body.
21
Q
Name 3 things a Coelom makes diffusion inadequate for.
A
- Transport gases to and from body wall
- Transport food from gut wall to body wall
- Transport of nitrogenous waste.
22
Q
What solves the first 2 problems?
A
Blood system
23
Q
What solves the last problem?
A
Excretory system
24
Q
What is a One opening gut known as?
A
Blind gut
25
Give 2 disadvantages of a One opening gut.
- Limit amount of food that can be consumed.
- Excrete waste from digestive system before consuming more food.
26
What is a Two opening gut known as?
Through gut
27
Give 2 advantages of a Two opening gut.
- Consume food continously
- Sections of digestive system can specialise to improve efficiency of digestive process.
28
Give an example of Porifera.
Sponges
29
Give 6 characteristics of Porifera.
- Aquatic
- Asymmetrical with no cephalisation
- Function at cellular level
- Acoelomate
- No openings to gut
- Spicules which protect and support sponge
30
Give 4 examples of Cnidaria.
- Jellyfish
- Blue bottles
- Corals
- Sea anemones
31
Give 6 characteristics of Cnidaria.
- Aquatic, mostly marine
- Radially symmetrical with no cephalisation
- Diploblastic
- Acoelomate
- Blind gut
- Acellular jelly-like layer between endo+ectoderm = mesoglea
32
Name the 2 different body forms of Cnidaria.
- Polyp
- Medusa
33
What stinging organelles does Cnidaria have?
Nematocysts found Cnidocytes
34
What are stinging cells used for?
Catching prey and protection
35
Give 2 examples of Platyhelminthes.
Tapeworm and Bloodfluke
36
Give 7 characteristics of Platyhelminthes.
- Aquatic and free-living
- Bilaterally symmetrical with cephalisation
- Triploblastic
- Acoelomate
- Blind gut
- No circulatory system
- Dorsoventrally flattened
37
Explain the role of cephalisation in Platyhelminthes.
- Detect what's ahead of them.
- Feeding and avoiding danger
38
Give an example of Annelida.
Earthworm
39
Give 7 characteristics of Annelida.
- Aquatic and terrestrial
- Bilaterally symmetrical with cephalisation
- Triploblastic
- Coelomate
- Through gut
- Closed blood system
- Segmented
40
Give 3 examples of Arthropoda.
- Locust
- Spider
- Crab
41
Give 7 characteristics of Arthropoda.
- Aquatic and terrestrial
- Bilaterally symmetrical with cephalisation
- Triploblastic
- Coelomate
- Through gut
- Jointed appendages
- Open circulatory system
42
What is it called when and Arthropod shed regularly?
Ecdysis
43
How does a waterproof exoskeleton made of chitin benefit an Arthropod?
- Prevent from drying out.
- Prevent diffusion of gases across waterproof surface.
44
What is a Haemocoel?
When a Coelom is filled with fluid that acts like blood.
45
Give 8 characteristics of Chordata.
- Aquatic and terrestrial
- Bilaterally symmetrical with cephalisation
- Triploblastic
- Coelomate
- Through gut
- Notochords which develop into vertebral column
- Ectothermic or Endothermic
- Post-anal tail
46
What is the role of Bees/flies in agriculture and ecosystems?
- Pollination of crops or orchards
47
Name roles Earthworms have on agriculture and ecosystems.
- Nutrient recycling
- Soil aeration
- Soil enrichment
48
Give 5 examples of Intermediate hosts of pathogens.
- Mosquitoes
- Tsetse flies
- House flies
- Ticks
- Cockroaches
49
What doe Mosquitoes carry and cause?
- Plasmodium, malaria
50
What do Tsetse flies carry and cause?
Trypanosoma, sleeping sickness
51
What do Tick bites cause?
Tick bite fever
52
What do Cockroaches carry?
Salmonella
53
What do House flies cause?
- Conjunctivitis
- Typhoid fever
- Cholera
- Anthrax
- Dysentry
54
Provide the defintion of Cephalisation.
- Concentration of sense organs at front endof an animal leading to formation of head.
55
Provide the definition of Invertebrates.
- Collective name for animals without vertebral column
