Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiological Psychology > 3. Auditory Integration > Flashcards

3. Auditory Integration Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What are sounds?

A

Vibrations of air molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define the parameters of human perception of sound.

A

20 - 20,000 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the perceptual dimension of AMPLITUDE.

A

Loudness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is amplitude measured?

A

Decibels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the perceptual dimension of FREQUENCY.

A

Pitch (Hz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the perceptual dimension of COMPLEXITY.

A

Timbre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hertz =

A

cycles per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ear can be categorised into three parts. Name these three parts.

A

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name components of the OUTER EAR

A
  • helix, antihelix
  • scapha
  • triangular fossa
  • concha
  • auricular lobule (earlobe)
  • ear canal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name components of the MIDDLE EAR

A
  • tympanic membrane (eardrum)
  • tympanic cavity
  • maiieus
  • incus
  • stapes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name components of the INNER EAR

A
  • eustachian tube
  • cochlea
  • cochlear nerve
  • vestibular nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is another name for “ear canal”

A

external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the organ of the CORTI

A

• Found within the cochlear conduct

where transduction from mechanical waves to neural signals takes place

• It contains hair cells (inner and outer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Each hair cell in the CORTI has ________

A

approx. 100 stereocilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What elements can be seen when looking at a cross-section of the cochlea.

A
  • scala vestibuli
  • scala media
  • scale tympani
  • spiral ganglion
  • basilar membrane
  • tectorial membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe what happens to the membrane potential of a hair cell during a sound-induced vibration.

A
  1. excitatory force opens ion channels
  2. Depolarisation
  3. Release of NT
  4. Inhibitory force closes ion channels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are auditory pathways?

A
  • Highly complicated pathways

* Each hemisphere of the brain processes auditory information from both sides (ipsilateral and contralateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Auditory cortices are organized ___________.

A

tonotopically

by frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the auditory core region.

A
    • neurons within each of the auditory core regions are arranged into a tonotopic map
    • with characteristic frequencies that gradually shift from low at one end to high at the other end
20
Q

Describe the auditory pathway

A

auditory nerve –> cochlear nucleus –> trapezoid body –> superior olivary complex –> inferior colliculus
-> medial geniculate body –> auditory cortex

21
Q

Name the two auditory cortices

A

ipsilateral auditory cortex

contralateral auditory cortex

22
Q

Ventral pathway a.k.a.?

A

“what” pathway

23
Q

Dorsal pathway a.k.a.?

A

“where” pathway

24
Q

STG

A

superior
temporal
gyrus

25
Q

Ventral pathway I

A

STG > BA 45 (Broca’s Area)

26
Q

Ventral pathway II

A

antSTG > FOP

27
Q

Dorsal pathway I

A

pSTG > premotor cortex

28
Q

Dorsal pathway II

A

pSTG > BA 44

29
Q

Where is low pitch detected?

A

apical region

30
Q

Where is high pitch detected?

A

basal region

31
Q

Name the two types of frequency coding…

A 
Place coding (high and medial frequencies)
Temporal coding (low frequencies)
32
Q

Loudness: name the hypothesis

A

firing rate hypothesis

33
Q

Describe the firing rate hypothesis

A

The rising (high pressure) phase of each cycle of the sound signal evokes bursts of spikes in a collection of auditory nerve fibres.

34
Q

Location depends on…

A
  • Intensity (high frequencies)

* Speed of the sound (low frequencies)

35
Q

What is ITD and IID?

A

interaural time difference

interaural intensity difference

36
Q

What is speech?

A

process to…

    • understand spoken and printed words
    • express ideas in speech and writing
37
Q

How is speech produced?

A
    • movements of vocal cords

- - during expiration

38
Q

Describe the mechanisms of speech.

A
  1. Hearing sound – Auditory pathways and auditory cortex
  2. Understand the heard sound
  3. Express ideas in speech
39
Q

Name the areas of the brain that are receptive for speech.

A

Primary auditory cortex
Angular gyrus
Wernicke’s area

40
Q

Name the functions of WERNICKE’S AREA

A
  • Process sensory information from somatic sensory, visual, and auditory cortices
  • Essential for comprehension, recognition and construction of words and language
  • Perception of spoken language
41
Q

Name the two executive brain areas of speech.

A

Broca’s area

Primary motor cortex

42
Q

Broca’s area: name the functions

A
  • Regulation of muscles of lips, tongue, pharynx and larynx

* Receives information from Wernicke’s area and processes the information into detailed and coordinated patterns

43
Q

Primary motor cortex: name the function

A

– initiates movement of lips, tongue and larynx to produce spoken speech

44
Q

Name three speech disorders.

A
    • Aphasia
    • Dysarthria
    • Aphonia
45
Q

Describe Aphasia

A

Loss or impairment of production and/or comprehension of spoken or written language

Mostly to acquired lesions of brain

46
Q

Describe Dysarthria

A
    • impairments in articulation of speech

- - intact mental function and comprehension of spoken & written speech

47
Q

Describe Aphonia

A

loss of voice due to disorder of larynx

Physiological Psychology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions