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Equipment > 3. Atomic Theory > Flashcards

3. Atomic Theory Flashcards

1
Q

The subatomic particles (fundamental particles) include:

  1. protons
  2. neutrons
  3. electrons
  4. photons

1 only
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, 3, and 4
1 and 2

A

1, 2, and 3

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2
Q

Both protons and neutrons are composed of smaller structures called:

Quarks
Photons
Isotopes
Electrons

A

Quarks

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3
Q

How much energy is required to remove a K-shell electron with a binding energy of 37 keV?

6 keV
37.1 keV
2 keV
12 keV

A

37.1 keV

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4
Q

An atom has two energy levels, K and L. If the binding energy for the K-shell electrons are 5 keV and the binding energy for the L-shell electrons are 2 keV, calculate the energy of the secondary photon produced if a K-shell electron is ejected and an L-shell electron drops down to fill the hole.

7 keV
10 keV
3 keV
12 keV

A

3 keV

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5
Q

The binding energy of an electron in an atom:

Is too strong for x-ray photons to penetrate

Is strongest at the outer shell energy levels and gets weaker the closer the energy level is to the nucleus

Is strongest in the valence shell

Is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

A

Is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

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6
Q

The creation of two ions that are then attracted to each other best describes the:

Isotopic bond
Covalent bond
Ionic bond
Protonic bond

A

Ionic bond

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7
Q

Electromagnetic energy has a velocity:

That varies depending upon its wavelength
That is equal to the speed of sound
That is equal to the speed of light
That varies depending upon its frequency

A

That is equal to the speed of light

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8
Q

A water molecule is created by what type of bond?

Ionic bond
Electrostatic bond
Covalent bond
None of these

A

Covalent bond

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9
Q

Given the atom of Aluminum, determine which option below is incorrect.
27
Al
13

Aluminum contains 27 nucleons
Aluminum contains 13 protons
Aluminum contains 13 electrons
Aluminum has a Z number of 27

A

Aluminum has a Z number of 27

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10
Q

An atom is considered a negative ion when:

It has a positive valence
It has a negative valence
That atom has lost an electron
The atom has gained an extra electron

A

The atom has gained an extra electron

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11
Q

Neutrons that are contained in the nucleus of atoms carry what type of electrical charge?

Negative
Positive
None of these
Neutral

A

Neutral

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12
Q

Radioactivity is best described as:

The emission of protons and neutrons from the nucleus of stable atoms

The emission of gamma rays from the outer shell of stable atoms

The emission of particles and energy from an unstable atom in order to become stable

The emission of x-rays and gluons from the nucleus of stable atoms

A

The emission of particles and energy from an unstable atom in order to become stable

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13
Q

In a stable atom, the number of protons will:

Be higher in number than the number of neutrons
Match the number of neutrons
Match the number of electrons
Have a Z number of at least 20

A

Match the number of electrons

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14
Q

The number of protons in an atom is known as the:

Atomic number
Valence
A number
Atomic mass number

A

Atomic number

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15
Q

An electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom best describes a(n):

Alpha particle
Gamma ray
Beta particle
Ion pair

A

Beta particle

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16
Q

The half-life of a radioactive substance (T1/2 half) can be described as:

The time required for the intensity of the radiation to be reduced to 1/2 of its original value

The time required for the intensity of the radiation to be reduced to 0

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

The time required to decrease the K-shell binding energy to 1/2 of its original value

A

The time required for the intensity of the radiation to be reduced to 1/2 of its original value

17
Q

The number of waves of an electromagnetic photon that pass a particular point in a given time frame, or the number of cycles per second (cps) expressed using the Hertz (Hz) is termed:

amplitude
velocity
period
frequency

A

frequency

18
Q

For any atom having energy levels K-N, the greatest binding energy expressed in keV would be in the:

K shell
L shell
M shell
N shell

A

K shell

19
Q

Molecules:

Can be formed by covalent or ionic bonding

Are atoms that have the same number of protons in the nucleus but differ in the number of neutrons

Can be described as any number of one type of element

Are the smallest subdivision of an element that retains the characteristics of that element

A

Can be formed by covalent or ionic bonding

20
Q

When electromagnetic energy transfers energy to an atom without ionizing it, this process is referred to as:

covalent bonding
ionic bonding
excitation
lambda

A

excitation

20
Q

An atom is considered a positive ion when:

The atom has gained an extra electron
The atom has lost an electron
It as a positive valence
It has a negative valenc

A

The atom has lost an electron

21
Q

When referring to electromagnetic energy, it can be said that frequency and wavelength are:

Directly proportional
Inversely proportional
Identical along the electromagnetic spectrum
None of these

A

Inversely proportional

22
Q

Examples of particulate radiation include:

Alpha radiation
Beta radiation
Electrons in motion with high kinetic energy
All of these

A

All of these

23
Q

An alpha particle is best described as:

Beta radiation that is emitted from the outer shell of stable atoms

An electron emitted from the nucleus of a radioisotope

A photon

A helium nucleus that contains two protons and two neutrons

A

A helium nucleus that contains two protons and two neutrons

24
Q

When two or more atoms are chemically united, they form a:

molecule
radioisotope
gluon
electron

A

molecule

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