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Anatomy > 3- anatomy of upper limb > Flashcards

3- anatomy of upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

what artery, vein and nerve supplies muscles of anterior compartment of arm?

A

brachial artery
brachial vein
musculocutaneous nerve

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2
Q

what artery, vein and nerve supplies muscles of posterior compartment of arm?

A

profunda brachii or ulnar collateral arteries
profunda brachii vein
radial nerve supplies muscles

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3
Q

what artery, vein and nerve supplies muscles of anterior compartment of forearm?

A

radial & ulnar arteries
venae comitantes vein
median nerve (except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by ulnar nerve)

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4
Q

what artery, vein and nerve supplies muscles of posterior compartment of forearm?

A

interosseous artery
venae comitantes vein
radial nerve

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5
Q

what artery and nerve supply muscles of hand?

A

deep & superficial palmar arches
ulnar & median nerve

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6
Q

what are joints of upper limb?

A
  • sternoclavicular
  • acromioclavicular
  • glenohumeral
  • elbow
  • proximal & distal radioulnar joint
  • radiocarpal joint
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7
Q

what are ligaments of elbow joint?

A
  1. annular ligament (think like annual - year round, goes all the way around radius) →holds radius close to ulna so radius can role around ulna
  2. lateral (radial) collateral ligament →attaches to lateral epicondyle of humerus & annular ligament
  3. medial (ulnar) collateral ligament →triangular shaped, attached medial epicondyle of humerus and to coronoid process of ulna
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8
Q

what are the joints in hand?

A
  1. metacarpophalangeal joint (synovial condyloid)
  2. distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
  3. proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
  4. first carpometacarpal joint (synovial saddle)
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9
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles and their purpose?

A

*SITS muscles
1. supraspinatus = sits above scapular spine
2. infraspinatus = sits below scapular spine
3. teres minor
4. subscapularis = deep to scapula

= make cuff around head of humerus, they hold in glenoid fossa
= first 3 are attached to greater tuberosity and 4th attached to lesser tuberosity

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10
Q

what are muscles in shoulder girdle? what nerve are each of them innervated by?

A
  • pectoralis major = medial & lateral pectoral nerve
  • pectoralis minor = medial pectoral nerve
  • serratus anterior = long thoracic nerve
  • trapezius = CN XI (spinal accessory)
  • latissimus dorsi = thoracodorsal nerve
  • major & minor rhomboid = dorsal scapular nerve
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11
Q

what are the only muscles innervated by CN XI?

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

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12
Q

what are muscles in anterior compartment of arm? movement?

A

BBC
1. biceps brachii (long&short head, medial one is short head)
2. brachialis
3. coracobrachialis

= they flex arm & forearm

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13
Q

what muscles in posterior compartment of arm? what movement do they cause?

A

triceps brachii = long, lateral and medial head

  • extends arm & forearm
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14
Q

what movement does all muscles in anterior compartment of forearm cause?

A

flexion

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15
Q

what are muscles of superficial layer in anterior compartment of forearm?

A
  1. flexor carpi ulnaris
  2. flexor carpi radialis
  3. pronator teres
  4. palmaris longus
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16
Q

what are muscles of intermediate layer in anterior compartment of forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

17
Q

what are muscles of deep layer in anterior compartment of forearm? (3)

A
  1. flexor digitorum profundus
  2. flexor pollicis longus
  3. pronator quadratus
18
Q

what are muscles of superficial layer of posterior compartment of forearm? (7)

A
  1. brachioradialis
  2. anconeus
  3. extensor carpi radialis brevis
  4. extensor carpi radialis longus
  5. extensor digitorum
  6. extensor carpi ulnaris
  7. extensor digiti minimi
19
Q

what are muscles of deep layer of posterior compartment of forearm? (5)

A
  1. supinator
  2. adductor pollicis longus
  3. extensor pollicis brevis
  4. extensor pollicis longus
  5. extensor indicis
20
Q

what is thenar eminence and it’s muscles?

A

thenar eminence = muscular bulge on palm at base of thumb. they control fine movement of thumb

  1. abductor pollicis brevis
  2. flexor pollicis brevis
  3. opponens pollicis
21
Q

what nerve supplies thenar eminence?

A

median nerve (note - means affected by carpal tunnel syndrome)

22
Q

what is hypothenar eminence and it’s muscles?

A

hypothenar eminence = muscular bulge on palms ulnar side, base of little finger

  1. abductor digiti minimi
  2. flexor digiti minimi
  3. opponens digiti minimi
23
Q

what nerve supplies hypothenar eminence?

A

ulnar nerve

24
Q

what are muscles in hand?

A
  • thenar eminence
  • hypothenar eminence
  • lumbricals
  • interossei (dorsal & palmar)
25
Q

what are lumbricals?

A

= small worm like muscles in hand

  • they attach to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus, they flex knuckles (metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints)

*they’re bye bye muscles

26
Q

which nerves innervates lumbrical muscles in hand?

A

median (lateral 2) and ulnar (medial 2)

27
Q

what are interossei muscles?

A

small muscles between metacarpal bones

  • Dorsal interossei – Abduction of digits (DAB = Dorsal ABduct)
  • Palmar interossei – Adduction of digits (PAD = palmar ADduct)
28
Q

what nerve supplies interossei muscles?

A

ulnar

29
Q

what is brachial plexus?

A

= plexus of nerves that originates from anterior rami of C5-T1, passes through axilla and supplies upper limb (can see M shape on dissection)

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R = roots = C5-T1
T = trunks = superior, middle, inferior
D = divisions =each trunk splits into anterior & posterior
C = cords = merge to make lateral, posterior & middle
N = nerves = 5 important ones are musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar

30
Q

what nerves are more anterior supply?

A

musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves

31
Q

what nerves are more posterior supply?

A

axillary and radial nerves

32
Q

what nerve supplies anatomical snuff box?

A

supplied by cutaneous branches of radial nerve

33
Q

what nerve roots do the following nerves come from:
a) supraclavicular
b) axillary
c) cutaneous branch of musculocutaneous nerve
d) radial
e) ulnar
f) median

A

a) C3,4
B) C5,6
c) C5,6,7
d)C6,7,8
e) C8,T1
f) C6,7,8, T1

34
Q

what are dermatomes of upper limb?

A

C4 = clavicle & shoulder tip

C5 = badge patch

C6 = thumb

C7 = middle finger

C8 = little finger

T1 = medial forearm

T2 = medial arm & sternal angle

35
Q

what is the carpal tunnel?

A

= osteofascial tunnel →carpal bones posteriorly and flexor retinaculum (thickening of deep fascia) that overlies bone making tight tunnel, lots of things go through this tunnel like tendons and median nerve

36
Q

what is arterial supply to upper limb?

A

subclavian to axillary to brachial to radial & ulnar (elbow anastomosis)

ulnar more to superficial arch, radial more to deep arch

*scapular anastamosis of suprascapular, dorsal scapular, circumflex scapular

Anatomy (7 decks)

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