3- anatomy of upper limb Flashcards
what artery, vein and nerve supplies muscles of anterior compartment of arm?
brachial artery
brachial vein
musculocutaneous nerve
what artery, vein and nerve supplies muscles of posterior compartment of arm?
profunda brachii or ulnar collateral arteries
profunda brachii vein
radial nerve supplies muscles
what artery, vein and nerve supplies muscles of anterior compartment of forearm?
radial & ulnar arteries
venae comitantes vein
median nerve (except flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by ulnar nerve)
what artery, vein and nerve supplies muscles of posterior compartment of forearm?
interosseous artery
venae comitantes vein
radial nerve
what artery and nerve supply muscles of hand?
deep & superficial palmar arches
ulnar & median nerve
what are joints of upper limb?
- sternoclavicular
- acromioclavicular
- glenohumeral
- elbow
- proximal & distal radioulnar joint
- radiocarpal joint
what are ligaments of elbow joint?
- annular ligament (think like annual - year round, goes all the way around radius) →holds radius close to ulna so radius can role around ulna
- lateral (radial) collateral ligament →attaches to lateral epicondyle of humerus & annular ligament
- medial (ulnar) collateral ligament →triangular shaped, attached medial epicondyle of humerus and to coronoid process of ulna
what are the joints in hand?
- metacarpophalangeal joint (synovial condyloid)
- distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
- proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP)
- first carpometacarpal joint (synovial saddle)
what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles and their purpose?
*SITS muscles
1. supraspinatus = sits above scapular spine
2. infraspinatus = sits below scapular spine
3. teres minor
4. subscapularis = deep to scapula
= make cuff around head of humerus, they hold in glenoid fossa
= first 3 are attached to greater tuberosity and 4th attached to lesser tuberosity
what are muscles in shoulder girdle? what nerve are each of them innervated by?
- pectoralis major = medial & lateral pectoral nerve
- pectoralis minor = medial pectoral nerve
- serratus anterior = long thoracic nerve
- trapezius = CN XI (spinal accessory)
- latissimus dorsi = thoracodorsal nerve
- major & minor rhomboid = dorsal scapular nerve
what are the only muscles innervated by CN XI?
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
what are muscles in anterior compartment of arm? movement?
BBC
1. biceps brachii (long&short head, medial one is short head)
2. brachialis
3. coracobrachialis
= they flex arm & forearm
what muscles in posterior compartment of arm? what movement do they cause?
triceps brachii = long, lateral and medial head
- extends arm & forearm
what movement does all muscles in anterior compartment of forearm cause?
flexion
what are muscles of superficial layer in anterior compartment of forearm?
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor carpi radialis
- pronator teres
- palmaris longus
what are muscles of intermediate layer in anterior compartment of forearm?
flexor digitorum superficialis
what are muscles of deep layer in anterior compartment of forearm? (3)
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- pronator quadratus
what are muscles of superficial layer of posterior compartment of forearm? (7)
- brachioradialis
- anconeus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor digitorum
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digiti minimi
what are muscles of deep layer of posterior compartment of forearm? (5)
- supinator
- adductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor indicis
what is thenar eminence and it’s muscles?
thenar eminence = muscular bulge on palm at base of thumb. they control fine movement of thumb
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis
what nerve supplies thenar eminence?
median nerve (note - means affected by carpal tunnel syndrome)
what is hypothenar eminence and it’s muscles?
hypothenar eminence = muscular bulge on palms ulnar side, base of little finger
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
what nerve supplies hypothenar eminence?
ulnar nerve
what are muscles in hand?
- thenar eminence
- hypothenar eminence
- lumbricals
- interossei (dorsal & palmar)
what are lumbricals?
= small worm like muscles in hand
- they attach to tendons of flexor digitorum profundus, they flex knuckles (metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints)
*they’re bye bye muscles
which nerves innervates lumbrical muscles in hand?
median (lateral 2) and ulnar (medial 2)
what are interossei muscles?
small muscles between metacarpal bones
- Dorsal interossei – Abduction of digits (DAB = Dorsal ABduct)
- Palmar interossei – Adduction of digits (PAD = palmar ADduct)
what nerve supplies interossei muscles?
ulnar
what is brachial plexus?
= plexus of nerves that originates from anterior rami of C5-T1, passes through axilla and supplies upper limb (can see M shape on dissection)
Really Tired Drink Coffee Now
R = roots = C5-T1
T = trunks = superior, middle, inferior
D = divisions =each trunk splits into anterior & posterior
C = cords = merge to make lateral, posterior & middle
N = nerves = 5 important ones are musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar
what nerves are more anterior supply?
musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nerves
what nerves are more posterior supply?
axillary and radial nerves
what nerve supplies anatomical snuff box?
supplied by cutaneous branches of radial nerve
what nerve roots do the following nerves come from:
a) supraclavicular
b) axillary
c) cutaneous branch of musculocutaneous nerve
d) radial
e) ulnar
f) median
a) C3,4
B) C5,6
c) C5,6,7
d)C6,7,8
e) C8,T1
f) C6,7,8, T1
what are dermatomes of upper limb?
C4 = clavicle & shoulder tip
C5 = badge patch
C6 = thumb
C7 = middle finger
C8 = little finger
T1 = medial forearm
T2 = medial arm & sternal angle
what is the carpal tunnel?
= osteofascial tunnel →carpal bones posteriorly and flexor retinaculum (thickening of deep fascia) that overlies bone making tight tunnel, lots of things go through this tunnel like tendons and median nerve
what is arterial supply to upper limb?
subclavian to axillary to brachial to radial & ulnar (elbow anastomosis)
ulnar more to superficial arch, radial more to deep arch
*scapular anastamosis of suprascapular, dorsal scapular, circumflex scapular
