3 - Anatomy of the Nervous System Flashcards
What are the two types of cells that make up the human nervous system?
Neurons and glia
Who was Ramon y Cajal?
One of the first to study cell structure, showed that nerve cells remain separate from one another
What structures do neurons contain?
Membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum
What is a cell membrane?
A structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment
What is a cell mitochondrion?
A structure that performs metabolic activities and provides energy that cells require
What are ribosomes?
Sites at which the cell synthesizes new protein molecules
What is an endoplasmic reticulum?
Network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to their location
What are the three ways neurons are different to other cells?
Have dendrites and axons, communicate through an electrochemical process, and contain specialized structures (synapses) and chemicals (neurotransmitters)
What are astrocytes?
A type of glia that help synchronize activity of the axon by wrapping around the presynaptic terminal and taking up chemicals released by the neuron
What are microglia?
glia that remove waste materials and viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms that could prove harmful to the neuron
What are oligodendrocytes and schwann cells?
Glia that build the myelin sheath
What are radial glia?
Glia that guide the migration of neurons and the growth of their axons and dendrites using embryonic development
What is grey matter made up of?
Cell bodies and unmyelinated axons
What is white matter made up of?
Myelinated axons
What is the somatic nervous system?
Component of the peripheral nervous system that conveys sensory info to the CNS and transmits motor signals from the CNS to the body, it is conscious and voluntary
What is the autonomic nervous system?
Component of peripheral nervous system that transmits and receives signals to regulate the automatic behaviours of the body, it is conscious and automatic, composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
What does the sympathetic nervous sysetm do?
Prepares organs for rigorous activity
What does the parasympathetic nervous sytem do?
Calm organs down
What is the grey matter in the spinal cord?
Located in the centre, it is densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites
What is the white matter in the spinal cord?
Wrapping around the grey matter, the white matter is composed of myelinated axons that carry info from the grey matter to the brain and other areas of the spine
The motor nerve is connected to the spinal cord through a ____ root?
Ventral
The sensory nerve is connected to the spinal cord through a ____ root?
Dorsal
The hindbrain consists of the ?
Medulla, pons, cerebellum
The midbrain concists of the?
Tectum (superior and inferior colliculi) and the tegmentum
The forebrain consists of the?
Cerebral hemispheres, and subcortical regions (limbic system), basal ganglia
The limbic system consists of the ?
Olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus
The basal ganglia consists of?
Caudate nucleus, patamen, and globus pallidus
What are the ventricles?
Fluid-filled channels within the brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid
