3 - Anatomy of the Nervous System

Question 1

What are the two types of cells that make up the human nervous system?

Answer 1

Neurons and glia

Question 2

Who was Ramon y Cajal?

Answer 2

One of the first to study cell structure, showed that nerve cells remain separate from one another

Question 3

What structures do neurons contain?

Answer 3

Membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 4

A structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment

Question 5

What is a cell mitochondrion?

Answer 5

A structure that performs metabolic activities and provides energy that cells require

Question 6

What are ribosomes?

Answer 6

Sites at which the cell synthesizes new protein molecules

Question 7

What is an endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 7

Network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins to their location

Question 8

What are the three ways neurons are different to other cells?

Answer 8

Have dendrites and axons, communicate through an electrochemical process, and contain specialized structures (synapses) and chemicals (neurotransmitters)

Question 9

What are astrocytes?

Answer 9

A type of glia that help synchronize activity of the axon by wrapping around the presynaptic terminal and taking up chemicals released by the neuron

Question 10

What are microglia?

Answer 10

glia that remove waste materials and viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms that could prove harmful to the neuron

Question 11

What are oligodendrocytes and schwann cells?

Answer 11

Glia that build the myelin sheath

Question 12

What are radial glia?

Answer 12

Glia that guide the migration of neurons and the growth of their axons and dendrites using embryonic development

Question 13

What is grey matter made up of?

Answer 13

Cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

Question 14

What is white matter made up of?

Answer 14

Myelinated axons

Question 15

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 15

Component of the peripheral nervous system that conveys sensory info to the CNS and transmits motor signals from the CNS to the body, it is conscious and voluntary

Question 16

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 16

Component of peripheral nervous system that transmits and receives signals to regulate the automatic behaviours of the body, it is conscious and automatic, composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 17

What does the sympathetic nervous sysetm do?

Answer 17

Prepares organs for rigorous activity

Question 18

What does the parasympathetic nervous sytem do?

Answer 18

Calm organs down

Question 19

What is the grey matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 19

Located in the centre, it is densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

Question 20

What is the white matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 20

Wrapping around the grey matter, the white matter is composed of myelinated axons that carry info from the grey matter to the brain and other areas of the spine

Question 21

The motor nerve is connected to the spinal cord through a ____ root?

Answer 21

Ventral

Question 22

The sensory nerve is connected to the spinal cord through a ____ root?

Answer 22

Dorsal

Question 23

The hindbrain consists of the ?

Answer 23

Medulla, pons, cerebellum

Question 24

The midbrain concists of the?

Answer 24

Tectum (superior and inferior colliculi) and the tegmentum

Question 25

The forebrain consists of the?

Answer 25

Cerebral hemispheres, and subcortical regions (limbic system), basal ganglia

Question 26

The limbic system consists of the ?

Answer 26

Olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus

Question 27

The basal ganglia consists of?

Answer 27

Caudate nucleus, patamen, and globus pallidus

Question 28

What are the ventricles?

Answer 28

Fluid-filled channels within the brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid