Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EMS - Mechanisms of Disease > 3. Acute Inflammation > Flashcards

3. Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what is an inflammatory exudate?

A

a fluid rich in protein and cellular elements that oozes out of blood vessels due to inflammation and is deposited in nearby tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is fibrosis?

A

the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is suppuration?

A

the formation of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an abscess?

A

a swollen area within body tissue, containing an accumulation of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is pyrexia?

A

high temperature/fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is an acute phase reaction?

A

a general term attributed to a group of systemic and metabolic changes that occur within hours of an inflammatory stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is acute inflammation?

A

a non specific initial reaction to tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 2 main causes of acute inflammation?

A

infection

tissue death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the causes of tissue death?

A 
ischaemia
trauma
toxins
chemical insults
thermal injury
radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the prognosis after acute inflammation?

A
  1. if cells can regrow - healing by regeneration
  2. if cells cannot regrow - healing by repair
  3. if damaging agent persists - chronic inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the purpose of acute inflammation?

A
  1. clear away dead tissues
  2. locally protect from infection
  3. allow access of immune system components
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the 4 cardinal signs of infection?

A
  1. calor - heat
  2. rumour - redness
  3. dolor - pain
  4. tumour - swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what determines the manifestation of the cardinal signs?

A

anatomical considerations and which stage of the process is most prominent. this varies with cause or with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the manifestations of inflammation in different organs?

A

serous
fibrinous
purulent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the components of an acute inflammatory response?

A
  1. vascular reaction
  2. exudative reaction
  3. cellular reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens in the vascular reaction?

A

microvascular dilatation leading to increased flow
flow then decreases
permeability of blood vessels increases

17
Q

what chemicals act as mediators of the vascular reaction?

A 
histamine
bradykinin
NO
leukotriene B4
complement components
18
Q

what is an exudative reaction?

A

formation of inflammatory exudate

19
Q

what are the contents of an acute inflammatory exudate?

A

proteins
immunoglobulins
fibrinogen

20
Q

why is there a constant turnover of inflammatory exudate?

A 
dilution of noxious agents
transport of noxious agents to lymph nodes
supply of nutrients
spread of inflammatory mediators
spread of antibodies
spread of drugs
21
Q

what is involved in the cellular reaction?

A

migration of inflammatory cells out of vessels, and accumulation of neutrophils in extracellular space

22
Q

when is pus formed?

A

when, in severe cases, neutrophils, cellular debris and bacteria accumulate in an extracellular space

23
Q

what are the biomarkers of an acute phase reaction?

A

CRP

ESR

24
Q

which is the commonest white cell in the blood?

A

neutrophils

25
Q

how do neutrophils move into tissues?

A

directional chemotaxis

26
Q

what is the lifespan of a neutrophil?

A

low. as low as a few hours when they are in tissues

27
Q

how do neutrophils move into tissues?

A

from axial stream to margination on injury
rolling and adhesion to mediators (pavementing)
migrating outside capillary
due to chemotaxis

28
Q

what are the cell derived mediators of acute inflammation?

A 
prostaglandins
leukotrienes
PAF
cytokines
NO
chemokine
histamine
29
Q

what are the plasma derived mediators of acute inflammation?

A

kinin system
clotting pathway
thrombolytic pathway
complement pathway

30
Q

what are the consequences of acute inflammation?

A

if minimal tissue damage - resolution
if some tissue damage - fibrosis
if marked neutrophil reaction with tissue damage - suppuration
if damaging agent persists - chronic inflammation

EMS - Mechanisms of Disease (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions