1. Role of Pathology in Medicine

Question 1

what is pathology?

Answer 1

the scientific study of medicine

Question 2

what is a disease?

Answer 2

an abnormality of the body that causes loss of normal health

Question 3

what allows diseases to be better understood and diagnosed?

Answer 3

the fact that they have a set of characteristic features

Question 4

what is histology?

Answer 4

the study of tissues

Question 5

what is cytology?

Answer 5

the study of individual cells, but not in the context of the entire tissue, eg. PAP smears

Question 6

what aspects are investigated in the scientific study of a disease?

Answer 6

1. epidemiology
2. aetiology
3. anatomical changes
4. biochemical changes
5. functional changes
6. natural history
7. prognosis

Question 7

what does the prefix ana- mean?

Answer 7

the absence of something

Question 8

what does the prefix dys- mean?

Answer 8

disordered

Question 9

what does the prefix hyper- mean?

Answer 9

excess or over normal

Question 10

what does the prefix hypo- mean?

Answer 10

deficiency below normal

Question 11

what does the prefix meta- mean?

Answer 11

change from one state to another

Question 12

what does the suffix -itis mean?

Answer 12

inflammatory process

Question 13

what does the suffix -oma mean?

Answer 13

tumour

Question 14

what does the suffix -osis mean?

Answer 14

state or condition

Question 15

what does the suffix -oid mean?

Answer 15

bearing a resemblance to

Question 16

what does the suffix -penia mean?

Answer 16

reduction in number

Question 17

what does the suffix -cytosis mean?

Answer 17

increase in number

Question 18

what does the suffix -ectasis mean?

Answer 18

dilation

Question 19

what does the suffix -plasia mean?

Answer 19

disorder of growth

Question 20

what does the suffix -opathy mean?

Answer 20

abnormal state lacking specific characteristics

Question 21

what is hypertrophy?

Answer 21

non-tumorous enlargement of an organ or tissue as a result of an increase in the size rather than the number of cells

Question 22

what is hyperplasia?

Answer 22

the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, often as an initial stage in the development of cancer.

Question 23

what is a fistula?

Answer 23

an abnormal connection between an organ, vessel or intestine and another structure. usually results from injury or surgery, but can also be due to infection or inflammation

Question 24

what is a thrombus?

Answer 24

a blood clot that stays at the site of clotting

Question 25

what is an embolus

Answer 25

a piece of clotted blood that breaks away from the main thrombus

Question 26

what is metastasis?

Answer 26

the process by which a cancer spreads from the place that it first arose as a primary tumour to distant locations in the body

Question 27

what is differentiation (in cancer)

Answer 27

refers to how mature cancer cells are. differentiated tumour cells resemble normal cells and tend to grow and spread at a slower rate than undifferentiated cells

Question 28

on what basis are tumours classified?

Answer 28

based on whether they are benign or malignant and their structure of origin

Question 29

what id digital pathology?

Answer 29

a fusion of computing and histopathology, provides image recognition and processing