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EMS - Mechanisms of Disease > 16. Tumour Classification > Flashcards

16. Tumour Classification Flashcards

1
Q

how are tumours broadly classified?

A

benign/malignant
primary/secondary
histogenic origin

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2
Q

why do tumours need to be classified?

A

they behave differently

different prognosis and treatment

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3
Q

according to histogenic classification, which tumours are common?

A 
epithelium
mesenchymal
melanocytes
blood and related cells
CNS tumours
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4
Q

according to histogenic classification, which tumours are less common?

A

germ cell tumour
embryonal tumours
others

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5
Q

what are the 2 types of epithelial tumours (and their normal function)?

A
  1. surface epithelia - protection

2. glandular epithelia - glands and ducts for secretion

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6
Q

what is the suffix for benign epithelial tumours?

A

-oma

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7
Q

what are surface epithelial tumours called?

A

papilloma

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8
Q

what are glandular epithelial tumours called?

A

adenoma

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9
Q

what other information is required to further identify a tumour?

A

the cell type of origin (if surface epithelium)

the glandular tissue of origin (if glandular epithelium)

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10
Q

what are malignant surface epithelial tumours called?

A

carcinomas

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11
Q

how are malignant epithelial tumours named?

A

(cell of origin) carcinoma
eg. squamous cell carcinoma
special reference made to the degree of differentiation

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12
Q

what are malignant epithelial tumours derived from glandular epithelium called?

A

adenocarcinoma

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13
Q

what is the suffix for benign mesenchymal tumours?

A

oma (preceded by tissue or cell of origin)

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14
Q

what is a benign tumour of the smooth muscle called?

A

leiomyoma

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15
Q

what is a benign tumour of skeletal muscle called?

A

rhabdomyoma

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16
Q

what is a benign tumour of adipose tissue called?

A

lipoma

17
Q

what is a benign tumour of blood vessels called?

A

angioma

18
Q

what is a benign tumour of bone called?

A

osteoma

19
Q

what is a benign tumour of cartilage called?

A

chondroma

20
Q

what is a benign tumour of fibrous tissue called?

A

fibroma

21
Q

what are malignant mesenchymal tumours called?

A

sarcomas

preceded by the cell to tissue of origin

22
Q

what is a malignant tumour of smooth muscle called?

A

leiomyosarcoma

23
Q

what is a malignant tumour of skeletal muscle called?

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

24
Q

what is a malignant tumour of adipose tissue called?

A

liposarcoma

25
Q

what is a malignant tumour of blood vessels called?

A

angiosarcoma

26
Q

what is a malignant tumour of bone called?

A

osteosarcoma

27
Q

what is a malignant tumour of cartilage called?

A

chondrosarcoma

28
Q

what is a malignant tumour of fibrous tissue called?

A

fibrosarcoma

29
Q

what is a benign tumour of melanocytes called?

A

menocytic nevus

30
Q

what is a malignant tumour of melanocytes called?

A

melanoma

31
Q

what are malignant tumours of blood cells called?

A

leukaemia - white cells
lymphoma - lymphocytes
myeloma - plasma cells

32
Q

what are the different types of CNS tumours?

A 
meningioma
astrocytoma
oligodendroglioma
ependymoma
medulloblastoma
33
Q

where do germ cell tumours commonly arise from?

A

gonads. tumour of the germ cells

34
Q

what are the classes of germ cell tumours?

A

seminomatous tumours
eg. seminoma
non-seminomatous tumours (eg. teratoma-teeth, hair, muscle,neural, cartilage)

35
Q

in which patients can embryonal tumours bee seen?

A

under 5 years

histological resemblance to the embryonic form of the organ from which they arise

36
Q

examples of embryonal tumours

A

retinoblastoma
nephroblastoma
neuroblastoma
hepatoblastoma

37
Q

examples of malignant tumours with benign names

A

melanoma
mesothelioma
myeloma
lymphoma

38
Q

what is a hamartoma?

A

a non-neoplastic overgrowth of normal tissue, indigenous to the site of occurrence. results in developmental abnormalities

39
Q

what is a choristoma (heterotrophic rest)?

A

nodules of organ parenchyma in another organ

EMS - Mechanisms of Disease (16 decks)

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