16. Tumour Classification Flashcards
how are tumours broadly classified?
benign/malignant
primary/secondary
histogenic origin
why do tumours need to be classified?
they behave differently
different prognosis and treatment
according to histogenic classification, which tumours are common?
epithelium mesenchymal melanocytes blood and related cells CNS tumours
according to histogenic classification, which tumours are less common?
germ cell tumour
embryonal tumours
others
what are the 2 types of epithelial tumours (and their normal function)?
- surface epithelia - protection
2. glandular epithelia - glands and ducts for secretion
what is the suffix for benign epithelial tumours?
-oma
what are surface epithelial tumours called?
papilloma
what are glandular epithelial tumours called?
adenoma
what other information is required to further identify a tumour?
the cell type of origin (if surface epithelium)
the glandular tissue of origin (if glandular epithelium)
what are malignant surface epithelial tumours called?
carcinomas
how are malignant epithelial tumours named?
(cell of origin) carcinoma
eg. squamous cell carcinoma
special reference made to the degree of differentiation
what are malignant epithelial tumours derived from glandular epithelium called?
adenocarcinoma
what is the suffix for benign mesenchymal tumours?
oma (preceded by tissue or cell of origin)
what is a benign tumour of the smooth muscle called?
leiomyoma
what is a benign tumour of skeletal muscle called?
rhabdomyoma
what is a benign tumour of adipose tissue called?
lipoma
what is a benign tumour of blood vessels called?
angioma
what is a benign tumour of bone called?
osteoma
what is a benign tumour of cartilage called?
chondroma
what is a benign tumour of fibrous tissue called?
fibroma
what are malignant mesenchymal tumours called?
sarcomas
preceded by the cell to tissue of origin
what is a malignant tumour of smooth muscle called?
leiomyosarcoma
what is a malignant tumour of skeletal muscle called?
rhabdomyosarcoma
what is a malignant tumour of adipose tissue called?
liposarcoma
what is a malignant tumour of blood vessels called?
angiosarcoma
what is a malignant tumour of bone called?
osteosarcoma
what is a malignant tumour of cartilage called?
chondrosarcoma
what is a malignant tumour of fibrous tissue called?
fibrosarcoma
what is a benign tumour of melanocytes called?
menocytic nevus
what is a malignant tumour of melanocytes called?
melanoma
what are malignant tumours of blood cells called?
leukaemia - white cells
lymphoma - lymphocytes
myeloma - plasma cells
what are the different types of CNS tumours?
meningioma astrocytoma oligodendroglioma ependymoma medulloblastoma
where do germ cell tumours commonly arise from?
gonads. tumour of the germ cells
what are the classes of germ cell tumours?
seminomatous tumours
eg. seminoma
non-seminomatous tumours (eg. teratoma-teeth, hair, muscle,neural, cartilage)
in which patients can embryonal tumours bee seen?
under 5 years
histological resemblance to the embryonic form of the organ from which they arise
examples of embryonal tumours
retinoblastoma
nephroblastoma
neuroblastoma
hepatoblastoma
examples of malignant tumours with benign names
melanoma
mesothelioma
myeloma
lymphoma
what is a hamartoma?
a non-neoplastic overgrowth of normal tissue, indigenous to the site of occurrence. results in developmental abnormalities
what is a choristoma (heterotrophic rest)?
nodules of organ parenchyma in another organ
