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370 > 3-8: Introduction to Ethics > Flashcards

3-8: Introduction to Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the process of moral development?

A

1.) Differentiating right & wrong: cognitive matter
2.) Incorporating right & wrong: Moral development

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2
Q

Between what age of Piaget’s four stage model encompasses individual ages 0 to 2?

A

Stage 1

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3
Q

Between what age of Piaget’s four stage model encompasses individuals ages 2 to 7?

A

Stage 2

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4
Q

Between what age of Piaget’s four stage model encompasses individuals ages 7-12?

A

Stage 3

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5
Q

Between what age of Piaget’s four stage model encompasses individuals ages age 12 and up?

A

Stage 4

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6
Q

What are the different characteristics of Piaget’s four stage model?

A

1.) Amoral
2.) Egocentric
3.) Heteronomous
4.) Autonomous

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7
Q

What is being egocentric? in what stage of piaget’s four stage model can this be found in ?

A

Bending the rules. Stage 2 (ages 2 to 7)

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8
Q

What is being heteronomous? in what stages of piaget’s four stage model can this be found in ?

A

The acceptance of the moral authority of others. Stage 3 (ages 7 to 12)

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9
Q

What is being autonomous? in what stages of piaget’’s fours stage model can this be found in ?

A

To have cooperation
Rules being tested
Rules become internalized

Within stage 4: age 12 & up.

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10
Q

What is Kohlberg’s model of moral development?

A

They are defined 3 stages with two levels per stage:
- more complex
- comprehensive
- differentiated than the one prior.

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11
Q

What is the basis of Kohlberg’s model of moral development?

A

They are based upon cognitive processes + judgements are based upon:
- objective
- impersonal
- ideal grounds

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12
Q

What level of the Giligan’s model of Moral development encompasses where being moral is being submissive?

A

Level one

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13
Q

What level of the Giligan’s model of moral development encompasses where being moral is not hurting others + no thought of hurting self? (goodness as self-sacrifice)

A

Level two

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14
Q

What level of the Giligan’s model of moral development encompasses where avoiding hurt is morality? (morality of non-violence)

A

Level three

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15
Q

In cognitive development theory? what do individuals develop over time?

A

1.) Physically
2.) Mentally
3.) Morally

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16
Q

In cognitive theory, what are a couple of characteristics we develop as we grow?

A

We learn about being right & wrong
about good & bad

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17
Q

What are some definitions of ethics?

A

It is a branch of philosophy?
- thinking about morality
- moral problems
- moral judgements

18
Q

What are the 2 codes of ethics?

A

CDHA + CRDHA

19
Q

What is encompassed within the CDHA ?

A
  • Federal document which guides the profession
  • Tested on the NDHCB examination in May.
20
Q

What is emcompassed within the CRDHA?

A
  • Guidelines & principles which govern the conduct of dental hygienists in the Province of Alberta
  • Guideline for the Ethics assignment
  • tested on the Jurisprudence examination
21
Q

What are the 5 CDHA principles?

A
  1. Beneficence
  2. Autonomy
  3. Integrity
  4. Accountability
  5. Confidentiality
22
Q

What are the 5 CRDHA principles?

A
  1. Beneficence
  2. Veracity
  3. Autonomy & informed choice
  4. Privacy & confidentiality
  5. Accountability
  6. Professionalism
23
Q

What are the key principles of Beneficence?

A
  • The doing of good.
  • That dental hygiene services shall expressly intend to result in an improvement in the client’s condition.
  • Use of knowledge & skills to assist clients to achieve & maintain optimum oral health.
24
Q

What are the key principles of Veracity?

A
  • The ethical principle of honesty.
  • Dental hygienists must be truthful & forthright in all professional manners.
25
Q

What are the principles the emcompasses autonomy & informed choice?

A
  • To make one’s own choice.
  • That DH’s assist clients in making informed choices by COMMUNICATING relevant information openly & truthfully.
  • Client makes the FINAL DECISION on choice of service + practioiner to perform the service.
26
Q

What are the principles of Privacy & Confidentiality ?

A
  • the right to decide the conditions under which others will be permitted access to his/her info.
  • to hold secret info acquired in the professional relationship.
27
Q

What are the principles of privacy & confidentiality ?

A
  • The right for individuals to decide conditions under which others will be permitted access to his/her info.
  • to hold secret info acquired in the professional relationship
28
Q

What are the principles that encompasses accountability?

A
  • it is the acceptance of responsibility for one’s actions & omissions
29
Q

What are the principles of professionalism?

A

It is the commitment to use & advance professional knowledge & skills to serve the client & the public good

30
Q

What are the 3 ethical challenges that exist?

A

1.) ethical distress
2.) ethical dilemmas
3.) ethical violations

31
Q

What are some examples of ethical distress?

A

1.) Limitations or constraints are placed on the DH
2.) DH feels powerless or in fear
3.) Compromises ability to practice

32
Q

What are some issues pertaining ethical violations?

A

1.) Failing to meet or neglecting of ethical responsibilities
2.) Breach of fundamental duties

33
Q

What are some issues pertaining ethical dilemma?

A
  • When an ethical principle conflicts with another principle
  • Infrequent in health care.
34
Q

What are some issues pertaining ethical distress?

A
  • When being pressured towards a task without receiving adequate resources to complete such task.
    (p.55)
35
Q

What is social justice?

A

It is the awareness of improving access to oral health care.
To provide individuals or groups with what is owed, due or deserved
Treating people who similar needs in a similar + identical manner.

36
Q

What is distributive justice?

A

The allocation of resources in large social systems
Assessing what kind of treatment will be provided, who will be provided with the treatment, who is elligible to receive treatment.

37
Q

What is social responsibility?

A

The responsibility of health care providers to work with public & private providers to be the advocate

38
Q

What are social determinants of health?

A

They are the social factors + physical conditions in the environment which people are born, live, learn, play work & age.
They impact health, functioning, & quality of life outcomes

39
Q

What are examples of social determinants?

A

The socioeconomic conditions:
- concentrated poverty
- transportation options to reach healthcare & oral healthcare clinics
- Quality of schools

40
Q

What are the 3 types of ethics?

A

Consequentialism: utilitarian
Deontology: nonconsequentionalism
Virtue Ethics

41
Q

entialist/utilitarian ethics?

A

370 (4 decks)

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