3

Question 1

Levels of analysis authors

Answer 1

Kenneth N. Walk, Morton A. Kaplan, J. David Singer

Question 2

Nature of the world (1), How countries make fp (2), People as individuals or as a species (3)

Answer 2

system, state, individual levels

Question 3

Six levels of analysis (largest-smallest)

Answer 3

International System, Relations, Society, Government, Role, Individual

Question 4

International System is a set of interaction elements, focuses on distribution of -

Answer 4

capabilities, state resources, and status in int’l relations

Question 5

Structural Characeristics (Structure of Authority)

Answer 5

Can range from hierarchical (vertical) to anarchical (horizontal). Int’l System mostly horizontal. Used for making/enforcing rules, allocating assets & conducting other authoritative tasks

Question 6

International System vertical in specific issue areas

Answer 6

Most powerful states generally benefit from WTO, trade in general.

Question 7

System Level Strengths

Answer 7

Good for explaining states’ motivations, interdependencies, and broadly predicting behavior based on what the states want to achieve. It is not as good at explaining individual events, circumstances, or political scenarios in detail.

Question 8

Nongovernmental Characteristics of Wealthy States

Answer 8

Heavy material resources allow for sophisticated weapons, defense, great leverage using aid. Citizens expect consistent improvements in quality of living.

Question 9

Changing Economic Conditions

Answer 9

Soviet Union/Russia switched roles from a wealthy superpower to dependent on foreign aid, due to domestic issues.

Question 10

Big vs. Small Poor Countries

Answer 10

Big countries, like Pakistan and India can readily afford nuclear weapons due to their sheer size. Small countries much more vulnerable on becoming dependent on foreign MNCs

Question 11

Theories on Capitalism and War

Answer 11

State leaders, due to strong pressures for foreign markets and resources, could be more likely to push for war.

Question 12

Two-Level Game 1

Answer 12

National level interest groups pressure government to adopt their policies. These groups are organized into coalitions by politicians.

Question 13

Two-Level Game 2

Answer 13

International level, national governments seek to maximize their power in solving domestic issues while being less vulnerable to foreign developments.

Question 14

Two Level Example, Clinton + China WTO Membership 1998

Answer 14

Clinton criticizes Chinese human rights to diffuse pressure from Americans. China aware of his predicament and offers discussions on human rights issues

Question 15

Strategic Culture

Answer 15

FP reflects country’s political culture. FP responses on international level are formulated by leaders to reflect this. Democracies more inclined towards cooperative action, Dictatorships concerned with security.

Question 16

Democratic Strategic Culture

Answer 16

Leader must build wider approval base for FP actions

Question 17

Authoritarian Strategic Culture

Answer 17

Much narrower base of approval required, although work must be made to suppress populace at large - constant fear of revolt

Question 18

Political Leaders Build Support prior to FP example:

Answer 18

Bush spent a lot of time building a case against Saddam Hussein before invading Iraq

Question 19

Bureaucracy

Answer 19

Bureaucrats heavily influence all states, and at times may disagree with policy decisions. Bureaucrats, particularly military, support funding because it increases their influence on all policymaking

Question 20

6 Factors

Answer 20

Heads of Government, Bureaucracy, Legislatures, Political Opposition, Interest Groups, The People