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Question 1

How do various groups, organizations, institutions, lobbying groups, etc. frame issues of importance to them in trying to influence policymakers?

Answer 1

They try to play off a leader’s personality traits. George Bush, black/white. Kennedy - Catholic.

Question 2

What factors increase impact of a leader’s personal characteristics on their state’s foreign policy?

Answer 2

The type of government, the relationship between the leader and their advisors (small group dynamics), can have significant impacts on how a leader decides to modify foreign policy.

Question 3

There are numerous constraints on the foreign policymaking process. What are they? Which are the most important? Give an example of when they adversely affected foreign policy.

Answer 3

Global norms, domestic approval. For example, president Trump has had hindrances with senators and the American public with Saudi foreign policy approaches, due to the Khashoggi assassination, treatment of women, handling of Yemen, etc. Tourism money, international investment, lobbying interests also play large roles