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Programming, Planning & Practice > 3 > Flashcards

3 Flashcards

1
Q

ziggurat

A

A mud-brick stepped pyramid in Mesopotamian sacred architecture.

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2
Q

base

A

The lowest part of a structure.

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3
Q

biological clock

A

The inherent system in people that causes regular cycles of function or behavior, such as periods of working, sleeping, and eating.

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4
Q

rhythm

A

The recurrence of design elements in space.

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5
Q

prefabricated

A

Constructed off-site in standardized sections for shipment and quick assembly, such as a prefabricated house.

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6
Q

gothic

A

The Medieval architecture of Western Europe from the 12th to the 16th century; characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and daring structural forms.

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7
Q

brutalism

A

An early 1950’s style based on Le Corbusier’s crudely fabricated concrete work in which structural and mechanical elements were often featured.

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8
Q

anthropomorphic

A

Ascribing human form or attributes to a being or thing not human.

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9
Q

obelisk

A

A commemorative shaft, square in section, with a small pyramid on top.

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10
Q

guaranteed maximum cost

A

An amount established in an agreement between an owner and a contractor as the maximum cost of performing specified work.

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11
Q

land coverage

A

The ratio of the area covered by buildings to the total lot area, expressed as a percentage.

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12
Q

cluster

A

A type of residential siting in which a series of housing units are grouped closely together and surrounded by open space.

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13
Q

amphitheater

A

An arena encircled by tiers of seats.

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14
Q

sheet pattern

A

The shape of an extensive urban area which lacks specific focal points, well-defined routes, or articulated form.

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15
Q

arcade

A

A group of arches on columns or pillars, which are either freestanding or attached to a wall.

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16
Q

flood plain

A

The land surrounding a flowing stream over which water spreads when a flood occurs.

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17
Q

trabeated

A

Construction employing the post-and-beam form, as opposed to the arch form.

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18
Q

synthesis

A

The combining of separate elements into an entity, as opposed to analysis.

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19
Q

convection

A

The heat transfer process which occurs when a warm fluid rises, displacing cold fluid which then falls.

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20
Q

zone

A

An area established by a governing body for a specific use, such as residential, commercial, or industrial.

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21
Q

collector street

A

A street to which minor streets connect and which leads to a major arterial.

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22
Q

annexation

A

The acquisition of territory by a municipality.

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23
Q

degree day (dd)

A

The amount by which the average outdoor temperature at a particular location is below 65 degrees Farenheit for one day. Degree days may also be summed and stated for a month or year.

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24
Q

deed restriction

A

A clause in a deed which places limitations or conditions on the use of property.

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25
Q

sale and leaseback

A

A form of leasehold in which the owner of a piece of property recovers the capital invested in the property, but retains the use of the property.

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26
Q

two-family house

A

A house containing two separate dwelling units, either side-by-side or one above the other.

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27
Q

cut and fill

A

Earth which is removed (cut) or earth which is added (fill) in grading.

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28
Q

aesthetics

A

The study of the quality, aspects, and perception of beauty.

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29
Q

housing

A

The type, arrangement, and quality of dwelling units in a given area.

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30
Q

megalith

A

A stone of great size, especially in ancient construction.

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31
Q

pad

A

An approximately level building area.

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32
Q

switchback road

A

A road that doubles back on itself with a hairpin curve.

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33
Q

Btu

A

The abbreviation for British thermal unit, a unit of heat energy, which is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Farenheit.

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34
Q

assembly building

A

A building or portion thereof used for the gathering together of 50 or more persons.

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35
Q

landform

A

The shape of the earth’s surface.

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36
Q

flame-spread rating

A

A numerical classification indicating the rate at which flame will spread over the surface of a given material. Class I materials have the least flame-spread and Class III have the most.

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37
Q

condominium

A

An apartment building in which the dwelling units are individually owned.

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38
Q

metropolis

A

The most important city of a country, state, or region; or any large, busy city.

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39
Q

zoning ordinance

A

A law by which a government regulates and controls the character and use of property.

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40
Q

freeway

A

A high-speed, multiple-lane highway designed to move traffic smoothly and without interruption. Also called an expressway.

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41
Q

azimuth

A

A horizontal angle measured clockwise from north or south.

42
Q

berm

A

A bank of earth, often piled up against a wall.

43
Q

mortgage

A

A legal instrument that pledges property as security for a debt.

44
Q

cornice

A

The topmost section of an entablature.

45
Q

form

A

The shape, outline, or configuration of a structure. Also, a mold of wood or other material used to contain wet concrete in the required shape until it hardens.

46
Q

fire wall

A

A wall resistant to the spread of fire.

47
Q

swale

A

A graded flow path used in open drainage systems.

48
Q

climate

A

The prevailing or average weather conditions of a place as determined over a number of years.

49
Q

lot line

A

The boundary line of a lot.

50
Q

bay

A

The unit of space between the supporting columns of a building.

51
Q

right-of-way

A

The strip of land in which a railroad or highway runs. Also, the right to pass over another’s property.

52
Q

analysis

A

The separation of an entity into its components, so that it may be examined.

53
Q

paths

A

Lynch’s term for a city’s circulation routes.

54
Q

altitude

A

The angle which the sun makes with the horizon.

55
Q

star pattern

A

A pattern of land use developed in the shape of a star.

56
Q

fast-track

A

A construction procedure in which construction on each phase of a project is begun as its design is completed, without waiting for the completed project design.

57
Q

lot

A

The smallest identifiable parcel of land in a city.

58
Q

buildable area

A

The net ground area of a lot which can be covered by a building after required setbacks and other zoning limitations have been accounted for.

59
Q

planting strip

A

A landscaped strip of ground between a pedestrian walk and a street.

60
Q

barrier-free

A

Having no environmental barriers, thereby permitting free access and circulation by the handicapped.

61
Q

radial pattern

A

A circulation pattern in which channels spread out from a central point.

62
Q

volume

A

The amount of space, measured in cubic feet or other similar units, occupied by a building or part of a building.

63
Q

keystone

A

The wedge-shaped top member of an arch.

64
Q

block

A

A division of urban land, normally private property, which is surrounded by public streets, and which is officially established and recorded.

65
Q

insulating glass

A

Two sheets of glass with an air space between, to insulate against the passage of heat or sound. Also called double glazing.

66
Q

contour

A

An imaginary line on the ground surface connecting all points of equal elevation.

67
Q

master plan

A

A long-range, overall plan or concept for an area’s development.

68
Q

kiosk

A

A small pavilion, usually in a public space.

69
Q

crowding

A

The uncontrolled human contact that results from an absence of physical, social, or psychological barriers, characterized by a lack of privacy.

70
Q

grading

A

Removing and/or adding earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile. Also called earthwork.

71
Q

conditional use

A

A use not strictly allowed in zoning ordinance, but permitted if specified conditions are met and if approval is granted by the local governing body.

72
Q

acoustics

A

The science of sound and sound control.

73
Q

linear pattern

A

A pattern of land use which develops along a line, such as a highway or river.

74
Q

role

A

A sociological concept that prescribes the acceptable way an individual should act in specific situations.

75
Q

resolution

A

Separating into component parts; reducing to a simpler form.

76
Q

intaglio

A

A surface decoration formed by incised carving.

77
Q

industrial revolution

A

The 18th century social and economic movement, begun in England, that mechanized the productive process by substituting machine power for hand power.

78
Q

caisson

A

A waterproof boxlike structure in which construction work can be performed underwater. Also a pile constructed by pouring concrete into a drilled shaft.

79
Q

strip development

A

A long, narrow commercial development usually located along a highway or major street.

80
Q

harmony

A

A consistent, orderly, or pleasing arrangement of the elements of a building or other work.

81
Q

architectural programming

A

A process leading to the statement of an architectural problem and the requirements to be met in offering a solution.

82
Q

critical path method (CPM)

A

A system of planning and scheduling construction operations which analyzes sequences and durations of time using network diagrams.

83
Q

value engineering

A

The systematic review of a project design to obtain the best value for the money spent, considering first costs, operating costs, and replacement costs.

84
Q

alignment

A

The horizontal or vertical of a highway.

85
Q

cul-de-sac

A

A short road with no outlet, serving only those buildings or properties which face it.

86
Q

floor area ratio (FAR)

A

The ratio of the gross floor area of a building to the area of the lot.

87
Q

mastic

A

A permanently plastic, waterproof, adhesive material used in sealing joints.

88
Q

discharge

A

Flow from a culvert, sewer, or other channel.

89
Q

patio

A

An open court enclosed by the walls of a building.

90
Q

water table

A

The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also called the groundwater level.

91
Q

non-ambulatory

A

Referring to a disability which makes a person unable to walk and therefore confined to a wheelchair.

92
Q

facade

A

The exterior face of a building, usually the front.

93
Q

superblock

A

A very large area of land in which all through traffic is eliminated, but which may be penetrated by cul-de-sacs or minor loop roads

94
Q

housing authority

A

A public body which provides and manages housing, particularly for low-income families.

95
Q

bench mark

A

A relatively permanent surveyor’s mark of known location and elevation.

96
Q

off-street parking

A

Space provided for vehicular parking separate from the dedicated street right-of-way.

97
Q

mullion

A

A vertical member between windows or doors.

98
Q

variance

A

Special permission granted to an owner permitting a deviation from zoning requirements normally applicable to the property in question.

99
Q

appropriateness

A

The suitability of a design for a particular purpose or occasion.

100
Q

court

A

A space, open and unobstructed to the sky, located at or above grade, and bounded on three or more sides by the walls of a building.

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