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Programming, Planning & Practice > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

water cycle

A

The general pattern of movement of the water on, under, and above the earth.

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2
Q

finish grade

A

The elevation of the ground surface after completion of all work.

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3
Q

street-front pattern

A

A common housing pattern in which houses and apartments line both sides of the street.

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4
Q

fire-resistive construction

A

Construction to resist the spread of fire, as specified in the applicable building code.

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5
Q

air rights

A

The rights to the use or control of the airspace above a property.

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6
Q

frontage

A

The length of a lot line along a street or other public way.

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7
Q

glare

A

Extreme contrast between light and dark in the visual field, which can cause discomfort.

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8
Q

access right

A

The right of an owner to have ingress and egress to and from a property.

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9
Q

run-off

A

The surface flow of water from an area.

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10
Q

topography

A

The configuration of the surface features of an area of ground.

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11
Q

single-family house

A

A dwelling unit comprising an isolated structure on its own plot of ground.

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12
Q

urban renewal

A

A process of public intervention in the development of an existing urban area, in which a public agency, acquires ownership of property and administers its resale for development to mainly private owners.

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13
Q

scale

A

The relative measurement of an object, with reference to the dimensions of the human body.

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14
Q

coniferous

A

Describing cone-bearing evergreen trees and shrubs, such as pine, spruce, for, and cedar.

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15
Q

rotunda

A

A circular space covered by a dome.

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16
Q

double glazing

A

Two sheets of glass with an air space between, to insulate against the passage of heat or sound. Also called insulating glass.

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17
Q

intersection

A

The point at which two streets come together or cross.

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18
Q

plot

A

A parcel of land.

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19
Q

proportion

A

The relationships of the sizes of building elements.

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20
Q

conforming use

A

Lawful use of a building or lot that complies with the provisions of the applicable zoning ordinance.

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21
Q

evergreen

A

Trees having green leaves throughout the year, as opposed to deciduous.

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22
Q

space

A

The three-dimensional expanse, generally enclosed by building elements, which accommodates human activity.

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23
Q

occupant load

A

The total number of persons that may occupy a building or portion thereof at any one time.

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24
Q

ingress

A

An entrance.

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25
Q

deciduous

A

Trees which shed their leaves annually, as opposed to evergreens.

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26
Q

row house

A

One of a continuous row of houses having a uniform plan and appearance and often sharing party walls.

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27
Q

caulking

A

A compound used to seal the joint between two materials or surfaces.

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28
Q

mass

A

A three-dimensional volume that has density and bulk.

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29
Q

urban ecology

A

The study of the relationship between people and the urban environment in which they live.

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30
Q

renaissance

A

The European movement, extending from the 14th to the 17th century, in which classic architecture was reintroduced and became the basis for a new style.

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31
Q

court pattern

A

A housing pattern in which units face into a common open space.

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32
Q

territoriality

A

The behavior by which an organism, human or animal, lays claim to an area and defends it against members of its own and other species.

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33
Q

duplex

A

A two-story apartment or house containing two separate dwelling units, either side-by-side or one above the other.

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34
Q

functional

A

Capable of serving the purpose for which it was designed.

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35
Q

fair housing

A

Nondiscrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

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36
Q

subdivision

A

The division of vacant land into smaller parcels to be used as sites for individual buildings, together with public rights-of-way affecting these sites.

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37
Q

balance

A

Aesthetic equilibrium produced by the proportioning of the elements of a building.

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38
Q

premise

A

A statement supporting or helping to support a conclusion.

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39
Q

sewer

A

An underground pipe or drain used to carry off rain water (storm sewer) or waste matter (sanitary sewer).

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40
Q

piloti

A

The French term for the columns that raise a building off the ground, as used by Le Corbusier.

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41
Q

building code

A

A code regulating the design and construction of buildings, adopted and enforced by a government agency.

42
Q

white noise

A

Innocuous background noise used to mask objectionable sounds.

43
Q

industrial park

A

An area of land designed for industrial uses and developed as a unit.

44
Q

international style

A

The form of modern architecture developed in the 1920’s and 1930’s, characterized by cubistic forms, white surfaces, and large areas of glass and steel Windows.

45
Q

datum

A

A horizontal plane elevation used as a reference for other elevations in surveying and mapping.

46
Q

exit

A

A continuous and unobstructed means of egress to a public way generally with a minimum width of 44 inches.

47
Q

districts

A

A term used by Lynch to describe sections of the environment having an identifying character.

48
Q

bikeway

A

A road or path reserved for bicycle traffic.

49
Q

basilica

A

In Roman architecture, an oblong building used for public administration, from which early Christian churches evolved.

50
Q

population density

A

The number of people or families per unit of area.

51
Q

rehabilitation

A

The restoration or substantial improvement of a building.

52
Q

assimilation

A

The process of absorbing or incorporating an element into an established design system.

53
Q

groundwater level

A

The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water. Also called the water table.

54
Q

improved land

A

Land on which buildings have not yet been constructed, but which contains utilities and streets.

55
Q

stoa

A

A portico used in Greek Architecture, often as a covered meeting place or promenade.

56
Q

texture

A

The characteristic visual and tactile quality of a surface.

57
Q

morphology

A

The study of the form or structure of anything.

58
Q

expressway

A

A high-speed, multiple-lane highway designed to move traffic smoothly and without interruption. Also called a freeway.

59
Q

spatial defense

A

Behavior intended to protect a specific territory by means of particular positions, postures, or gestures, such as placing one’s coat over the adjacent seat.

60
Q

exedra

A

A semicircular open area, with or without a roof, providing a continuous seat.

61
Q

louver

A

An assembly of sloping, overlapping slats, fixed or adjustable, which excludes rain but admits air and/or light.

62
Q

hybrid

A

Composed of design elements originally derived from diverse sources or styles.

63
Q

latitude

A

The number of degrees north or south of the equator of a point on the earth’s surface.

64
Q

ecology

A

The study of the total pattern of relations between a community of organisms and its environment.

65
Q

channelization

A

The separation of traffic lanes by the use of islands or dividers.

66
Q

furring

A

Wood or metal strips used to make a plane surface; also a cavity within a wall or ceiling.

67
Q

design

A

The organization of the elements of a building or other work to achieve a desired result.

68
Q

iconographic

A

Pertaining to symbolic representation of ideas or subjects by means of images.

69
Q

occupancy group

A

A designation for a group of several occupancies which have comparable fire safety considerations, and which are therefore grouped together by code.

70
Q

local access street

A

A street which carries relatively low traffic and provides access to low-intensity uses which front on it.

71
Q

symmetry

A

A balanced arrangement of elements on either side of a dividing line or plane.

72
Q

palazzo

A

A palace.

73
Q

nave

A

The main longitudinal portion of a church.

74
Q

baffle

A

A partial obstruction against flow, in a duct or pipe.

75
Q

noncombustible

A

A material of which no part will ignite and burn when subjected to fire.

76
Q

modular

A

A system composed of standardized units or sections used for simplified construction or flexibility.

77
Q

joint tenancy

A

Equal and undivided ownership of property by two or more persons that upon the death of one, interest passes to the survivor(s).

78
Q

drainage

A

The process of controlling, collecting, transporting, and disposing of excess water.

79
Q

way

A

A street, alley, or other thoroughfare or easement permanently established for passage of persons or vehicles.

80
Q

concave

A

Hollow and curved inward, such as the inside surface of a hollow sphere.

81
Q

police power

A

The legal power of a government to authorize actions which are in the best interest of the general public.

82
Q

cella

A

The inner enclosed room of an ancient temple.

83
Q

catch basin

A

A sievelike device at the entrance to a storm sewer which traps matter that could block the sewer.

84
Q

deed

A

A legal document which is used to transfer property title from one party to another.

85
Q

unity

A

The state of being a harmonious combination of elements.

86
Q

grade separation

A

The intersection of two roads at different levels so that vehicles may move from one road to the other without crossing the stream of traffic. Also called interchange.

87
Q

test boring

A

A hole drilled into the ground at the site of a proposed structure in order to obtain samples of the subsurface soil for examination and testing in a laboratory. Based on these tests, the soils engineer recommends the type of foundation and the allowable soil bearing pressure.

88
Q

dew point

A

The temperature of air at which the water contained in the air begins to condense and form dew. It is therefore the temperature at which the air is at 100% relative humidity.

89
Q

interchange

A

The intersection of two roads at different levels so that vehicles may move from one road to the other without crossing the stream of traffic. Also called grade separation.

90
Q

multiple nuclei theory

A

A theory suggesting that the land use patterns of some cities are not developed around a single core, but rather around several distinct nuclei.

91
Q

curvilinear pattern

A

A circulation pattern comprised of curves, which closely follows the contours of the land.

92
Q

parti

A

The general scheme for the design of a building.

93
Q

convex

A

Curved outward, such as the outside surface of a sphere.

94
Q

cooperative

A

An apartment building owned by a corporation in which shares are sold, entitling the shareholders to occupy dwelling units in the building.

95
Q

abutment

A

A buttressing or supporting structure.

96
Q

Radburn

A

A community in New Jersey, planned by Henry Wright and Clarence Stein, in which superblocks were surrounded by roads, and all pedestrian paths bridged over or passed under the roads.

97
Q

orientation

A

The location of an object in relation to the points of the compass; also, the ability to locate oneself in the environment with regard to time and place.

98
Q

construction management

A

A procedure in which an owner contracts with a construction manager (CM), who is generally responsible for control of a project’s time, cost, and quality.

99
Q

rational

A

Describing a design based on reason, sound judgement, or logical good sense.

100
Q

arch

A

A curved structure composed of wedge-shaped elements, used to span an opening.

Programming, Planning & Practice (5 decks)

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