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Oral Soft Tissues (PERIO) > 3/4: Etiology/Classification & Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

3/4: Etiology/Classification & Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What TYPE of Gingivitis? Endocrine: Puberty, Pregnancy, Diabetes

A

Plaque-induced gingivitis-systemic factors

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2
Q

What TYPE of Gingivitis? Blood Dyscrasias - Leukemia

A

Plaque-induced gingivitis-systemic factors

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3
Q

What TYPE of Gingivitis? Drug Influenced Gingival Enlargements Anti-seizure medications-Dilantin Calcium channel blockers-Nifedipine Immunosuppressents-Cyclosporin

A

Plaque-Induced gingivitis-medications

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4
Q

What TYPE of Gingivitis? Drug-Influenced Gingivitis Oral contraceptives

A

Plaque-Induced gingivitis-medications

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5
Q

What are the 4 reasons for Plaque-incduced gingivitis?

A
  1. Dental Plaque 2.Modified Systemic Factors 3.Modified Medications 4.Modified Malnutrition
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6
Q

What TYPE of Gingivitis? Vitamin deficiencies, Scorbutic gingivitis “Scurvy”, Rare in the United States

A

Plaque-Induced gingivitis-malnutrition

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7
Q

What TYPE of Gingivitis? Specific Bacterial Origin, Viral Origin, Fungal Origin, Genetic Origin, Manifestation of Systemic Disease, Traumatic Lesions, Foreign Body Reactions

A

NON-plaque induced gingival diseases

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8
Q

What are the 7 causes of NON-plaque induced Gingivitis?

A

1.Specific Bacterial Origin 2.Viral Origin 3.Fungal Origin, 4.Genetic Origin 5.Manifestation of Systemic Disease, 6.Traumatic Lesions 7.Foreign Body Reactions

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9
Q

BIG QUESTION: What are the 3 medications (and what do they do?) involved in gingival overgrowth??

A
  1. Di-LAN-tin: anti-seizure 2.Ni-fed-i-pine:Calcium Channel Blocker (hypertension) 3.Cyclo-sporin (immunosuppressent-organ transplantaion)
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10
Q

What am I??? Before the disease manifests itself, the
pt has a factor that puts them at greater risk for
developing the disease.

A

Risk Factors

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11
Q

________ factors are risk factors that lower the probability of an event occuring.

A

Protective

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12
Q

______: The LIKELIHOOD a person will get a disease in a specified time period

A

Risk

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13
Q

_______: PROCESS of predicting an individual’s probability of disease.

A

Risk Assesment

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14
Q

Please name 5 bugs most associated with periodontitis.(YOU better start with the Rojo Complex!)

A

*1.Tannerella Forsythia *2. Porphomonas Gingivalis *3.Treponema Denticola 4.Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans 5.Prevotella intermedia

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15
Q

______: Bacterial populations adherent to each other or to surfaces and enclosed in a matrix.

A

Biofilm

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16
Q

Biofilm: Microorganisms in biofilm are resistant to ______, ___________ and the _________.

A

antibiotics, antimicrobials and the HOST RESPONSE!

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17
Q

Tooth Associated Subgingival Plaque: _______ adherent, biofilm

A

Densley

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18
Q

Tooth Associated Subgingival Plaque: G___ rods, cocci, filaments

A

G+

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19
Q

Tooth Associated Subgingival Plaque: Remove by ____, ____ virulent

A

S&RP….Less virulent

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20
Q

Tissue Associated Subgingival Plaque: ______ adherent.

A

Loosely adherent

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21
Q

Tissue Associated Subgingival Plaque: G__ motile anaerobes

A

G-

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22
Q

Tissue Associated Subgingival Plaque: Main type of bacterium-______… you have to remove by _______…it is _____ virulent

A

Spirochetes…remove by surgery…more virulent

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23
Q

Unattached Subgingival Plaque: “Free ______ ” in pocket

A

swimming

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24
Q

Unattached Subgingival Plaque: G___ motile anaerobes…type______

A

G-…Spirochetes

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25
Q

Unattached Subgingival Plaque: Remove by ______

A

Remove by flushing

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26
Q

Unattached Subgingival Plaque: ____ virulent

A

more!

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27
Q

HEALT—–>DISEASE: From G___ —–> G____….From _____ to ____ (& later spirochetes)……From ______ (movement) to _____(movement)……From _______ (Oxygen type) to________ (oxygen type)!!

A

From G+ to G-…….From cocci to rods (later spirochetes)…….From non-motile to motile……From facultative to obligate anaerobes

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28
Q

Calculus: Induces _______ to the tissues because it harbors bacterial plaque.

A

damage

29
Q

Calculus: The _________ in calculus is greatly increased when compared to the tooth surface because of its surface roughness.

A

SURFACE AREA!!

30
Q

Calculus: With increased surface roughness there is increased bacterial ______.

A

DENSITY

31
Q

Calculus: “Mechanical _________” from calculus does NOT occur!!

A

irritation

32
Q

What are the 5 important immune cells that show up for perio?

A

1.PMNs 2.Mast Cells 3.Macrophage 4.T-Lymphocytes 5.B-Lymphocytes

33
Q

_______ – 1st responder, migrates into sulcus / pocket

A

PMNs – 1st responder, migrates into sulcus / pocket

34
Q

________– releases amines, increases vascular permeability

A

Mast Cell – releases amines, increases vascular permeability

35
Q

_________ – present antigen to T-cells

A

Macrophage – present antigen to T-cells

36
Q

_________– lymphokines and delayed

hypersensitivity

A

T-lymphocytes

37
Q

__________–may differentiate into plasma cells – active in antibody formation

A

B-lymphocytes–maydifferentiateintoplasma cells – active in antibody formation

38
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! Intial Stage: ____clinical, no ______, _______ flow of gingival crevicular flow

A

SUBclinical…NO GINGIVITIS(you got that wrong, idiot)….INCREASED

39
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! Which Stage: Acute inflammation: Vasculitis, PMNs, Macrophages

A

Initial

40
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! How long is the INITIAL stage?

A

2 -4 days

41
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! Early Stage: Clinical signs of ________: Redness, bleeding, edema

A

GINGIVITS (you got that wrong, idiot)

42
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! Which Stage: T-cell lesion

A

Early

43
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! How long is the EARLY stage?

A

4-7 days

44
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! Which stage: Chronic gingivitis

A

Established

45
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! Which stage: B-cell lesion: Plasma Cells

A

Established

46
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! How long is the ESTABLISHED stage?

A

2-3 weeks

47
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! Which Stage: Periodontitis

A

ADVANCED

48
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! Which Stage: Alveolar bone loss, pocket formation, B-cell lesion

A

ADVANCED

49
Q

PAGE & SCHRODER GRAFTS!!! How long does it take to reach the advanced stage?

A

UNDETERMINED!

50
Q

What are the three important Cytokines?

A

IL-1ß….MMP (1&8)…..TNF-alpha

51
Q

Cytokine: bone resorption

A

IL-1Beta

52
Q

Cytokine: connective tissue breakdown

A

MMP (1&8)

53
Q

Cytokine: bone resorption (with PGE2)

A

TNFalpha

54
Q

________ DECREASES the clinical expression

of inflammation.

A

Smoking

55
Q

Smokers have _____ clinical inflammation than non-smokers with similar local factors.

A

LESS

56
Q

Current Smokers= ___ times as much periodontal disease

A

4X

57
Q

Is the damage caused by smoking reversible?

A

Yes

58
Q

Smoking and Microbiology: ____ effect – rate of plaque accumulation….._______ pathogens in shallow pockets…… ________ pathogens in deep pockets….. Mixed results on _______ microorganisms


A

NO effect….INCREASES….increases…..specific

59
Q

Smoking and Immunology: _______ Immune response to challenge….._______ PMN chemotaxis and phagocytosis….. ________ TNF-ά, PGE2, MMP-8

A

Decreased…..decreased….increased

60
Q

Smoking Effects on Recurrent disease: Periodontitis either _______ or never ______Refractory….Consider addition of ________ to treatment…. Overall, more ______ loss in smokers


A

Comes back (Recurrent)…..goes away (refractory)…..antibiotics…tooth

61
Q

______ such as collagenase produce collagen breakdown………._________: Produce bone resorption……_________: Produce bone resorption

A

MMPs…..Prostaglandins…osteoclasts

62
Q

What are the three ways we can modify host response?

A

1.Systemic TetraCyclene to decrease MMPs 2.Systemic NSAIDS to reduce Prostaglandins 3.Systemic Bisphosphanates—reduce osteoclasts

63
Q

What is the most important DATA we collect on a Perio exam? What DATA is going to tell us an increase in disease?

A

CAL…increase in CAL/probing depths

64
Q

What is the Primary Etiologic Fator for PerioDiesase? (2 factors please)

A

PLAQUE! & a susceptible host

65
Q

Diagnosis Extent: _______ when ≤ 30% of sites involved.

A

Localized

66
Q

Diagnosis Extent: ________ when >30% of sites involved.

A

Generalized

67
Q

Diagnosis Severity: Slight = ___ or ____ mm CAL

A

1 or 2 mm of CAL

68
Q

Diagnosis Severity: Moderate = ___ or ___ mm CAL

A

3 or 4 mm of CAL

69
Q

Diagnosis Severity: Severe = ____ or more mm CAL

A

5 mm or more o’ CAL

Oral Soft Tissues (PERIO) (4 decks)

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