3-31-13 Flashcards
H. Influenza B causes what in kids?
Common cause of Epiglotitis and Otidis media in kids.
H influenza B vaccine tips?
Vaccination HiB is conjugated: Toxoid + capsular protein.
What is the purpose of conjugating vaccine such as HiB
To stimulate Th2 cell to make cytokines to stimulate B cells to isotype switch.
Attenuated vaccines?
Live vaccines that have been weakened.
Ex: MMR
Killed- whole cell vaccines?
Killed bacteria vaccines that the organism have been inactivated.
Ex: Samonella and bordatella.
Toxoid vaccines?
Made from inactivated bacterial toxins.
Ex: Diphteria and tetanus.
Electrolytes/hormone disturbances in 21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency?
Hyponatremia, hypochloremia.
Decreased aldosterone
Hyperkalemia, elevated BUN.
Elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels.
What CREST stands for?
Name antibody found to elevated?
Calcinosis. Raynaud phenomenon. Esophageal dysfunction. Sclerodactyly. Telengiectesias.
Anti-Centromere antibody.
Anti-RNP is a good marker for?
Mixed connective tissue disease.
Anti-SSA, Anti-SSB, Anti-RAP. Rho-la. good marker for?
Sjogran disease.
Anti-dsDNA and Anti-SM marker for?
SLE
Anti-SCL-70 good marker for
Scleroderma.
C. diphtheria toxin works by?
Inactivating Translation Elogantion factor 2 (eEF-2) via ADP-riboxylation.
This inhibits cell protein synthesis.
Fluoxetine drug use for?
MC used with Major Depression
Remember that MCC of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is?
Chlamydia and N. Gonnorrhea.
ELISA
good test when trying to find out if a person has antibody to a particular thing.
Northem used to determine what?
RNA levels in a cell.
Southern blot used to determine what?
Used to study genomic DNA.
PCR reactions good for?
Ampliflying small pieces of DNA for DNA mapping or sequencing.
BRACA-1 gene associated with what?
Breast and ovarian cancers. This tumor suppressor gene is located in the chromosome 17q
Berry aneurysm is associated with what conditions?
Marfan. Ehlers-danlos. APKD. HTN. Smoking.
Polymyalgia rheumatic associated with?
Temporal arteritis => headaches and jaw claudication.
Salicylate intoxication look for first?
Tinnitus as the first sign of intoxication.
Acidosis and Hyperventilation occurs after very high levels of intoxication.
mental retardation associated with chromosomal breakage think?
Fragile X syndrome.
Culture lynphocyte with methotrexate and look for specific breakpoints.
Trinucleotide repeates are the site of breakage and gets worse in each next generation.
Acethamenophem OD give?
Acetylcysteine=> works by repleneshing glutathione levels = thus protecting the liver from damage.
what is the cardiac manifestation involved with SLE?
Libman-sacks endocarditis can occur with SLE.
Pts with Type DM rely on what mechanism to increase blood sugar?
It cannot use Glucagon so it acutly is used epinerphrine and chronically can use cortisol
Migratory thrombopheblitis
Formation and dissolution of clots secondary to tumors that secrete platelet aggragating factors.
Common seen with pancreatic CA.
Generalized transduction
requires the presence of a virus to transfer the DNA from one bacterium to another.
Conjugation
genetic exchange involving cell to cell transfer of DNA. Bacteria sex!
Metaformin vs Glipizide to tx diabetes
Choose Glipizide if the pt has mild to moderate renal issues. Glipizide undergoes hepatic clearance.
Otitis media with bone invasion think?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
GNR. Ox +. Produce blue-green pigments.
PTH hormone electrolytes?
Increase serum calcium.
Increase cAMP present in the Urine.
Decrease phosphate.
McArdle disease: chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps and
Due to Glycogen phosphorylase deficiency.
