3-3 Flashcards
Very low altitude:
SFC-1000 AGL
Low altitude:
1001-10,000 AGL
Medium altitude:
10,001 AGL - 40,000 MSL
High altitude:
> 40,000 MSL
FENCE check:
Formation Emitters Navigation Communication Electronic countermeasures
Methods of time control adjustment
Constant ground speed
Target ground speed
10% rule (10% of FP IAS+current IAS for 10 min)
Incremental (planned IAS/6 + current IAS, hold for one minute for a 10 second correction)
Proportional (time to gain/lose into into IAS, hold for planned IAS converted to seconds)
At 210 KIAS, turning 1 mile early or late on a 90 degree turn point will make up how many seconds?
16 seconds
3.65 nm/min = 1:16 per mile
Turning 30 degrees off course for one minute will lose:
16-18 seconds
45/90=32-36 seconds
(60/120=48-52 seconds)
Rapid updrafts and downdraft may occur in mountainous terrain when wind direction is perpendicular to ride pines and velocity exceeds:
25 knots
HOWDIE
Used for ridge crossings
Height of the ridge line Other side Winds Direction of turn IAS Escape path
High-speed zoom maneuver
30 degrees nose up until 170 KIAS
Roll to 30-45 degrees of bank
Gains 2000-2500’
Low-speed zoom maneuver
50% flaps and MCT
Pitch for 120 KIAS or OCS
Combination zoom maneuver
30 degrees nose high to 180 KIAS
At 180, flaps 50%, pitch to 15-20 degrees
Pitch for 120 KIAS or OCS, whichever is higher
With surface temperatures < 0 degrees C, apply FIH altitude corrections to which enroute altitudes?
Night enroute
NVG enroute
MSA
In the event of inadvertent wx penetration, climb to ____ immediately
ESA
Should NVGs fail enroute, may aircrews continue to drop unaided?
Yes, if sufficient markings are coordinated and a thorough OA is accomplished
IMC letdown corridor altitude, and segments:
500’ above the highest obstruction to flight, or 400’ plus one contour interval within 3nm
Entry Point Earliest Descent Point Descent Arrival Point Decision Point Latest Climb Point Exit Point
Tactical strait-in slowdown planning
10 knots per 1/4 NM
+ / - 15% (0.15 NM for every 10 knots of wind)
Overhead approach parameters
Normally 220 KIAS
Level break turn
140 or approach speed, whichever is higher
Teardrop approach parameters
220 KTAS
Break 1.5 NM from LZ approach end
30 degrees of bank until 30 degrees off (flaps)
5000’ offset
Turn base 15-17 seconds after approach end (gear, flaps)
Beam approach parameters
220 KTAS @ 1500-2000’ from approach end
1-2 seconds, 45 AOB, idle, flaps 50%
3000-4000’ offset @ 160 KIAS
5-6 seconds turn base and configure using 45 AOB
Spiral down altitude targets
Begin @ 4000 AGL
2500 AGL for perch
1500 AGL for base
~800-900’ per 90 degrees @ 30 AOB
~600’ per 90 degrees @ 45 AOB
Sustained cornering velocity is ____ KIAS
180 KIAS
What is the effective range for the IR landing lights?
~ 1 NM
For a turning run-in, ensure the final segment is long enough to be stabilized prior to:
The release point
Airdrop slowdown sequence of events:
1000 in lbs
Flaps 50%
140 KIAS
Climb/descend to drop altitude
Slow to drop airspeed
Once established on drop altitude and airspeed, the navigator should compute a new _____ based on the updated ballistic winds
CARP
With SCNS sensitive steering, each dot of the CDI equates to:
500 yards
In VMC, how many OAPs should be used during the run-in on a MCAD?
2
In IMC, how many OAPs should be used for a MCAD?
Enough to validate the solution from the pre-IP through the drop
Charted deck angles for sight angle drops of HE, personnel, and CDS
Personnel / HE = 3 degrees
CDS = 7 degrees
HVCDS will be rigged with ___________ static lines for drops at 9999 MSL and below
Non-breakaway
HVCDS will be rigged with ___________ static lines for drops at 10,000 MSL and above
Breakaway
JPADS 2K loads will be rigged with ___________ static lines
Release-away
During LCLA, planned to be stabilized at drop altitude by:
0.3 NM / 10 seconds prior to green light
Ensure dropsondes remain at least ____ inches apart while in use
18
High altitude airdrops are those greater than:
3000 AGL
How far forward does formation lead position on the runway for a formation takeoff?
100’ per aircraft plus 100’
Feed on takeoff timing:
15 seconds
Formation assembly IAS and VVI
180 KIAS
1500 FPM
Descending SD IAS and VVI
140 KIAS
1000 FPM
DZ escape IAS and VVI
140 KIAS
1000 FPM
Inadvertent wx penetration with SKE
On command of the formation lead
Climb to base altitude at or above ESA (1000 fpm)
Element wingmen set 1000 XTRK
(Lead) “assume SKE interval”
- slow 15 KIAS, 4000 ITRK, then 500 XTRK
Inadvertent wx penetration without SKE
Climb to base altitude at 1000 VVI
Wingmen turn 30 for 1 minute, then base heading
Elements stack 500’ from last elements altitude
Visual in-trail geometry
2000’ in trail, offset out of wake turbulence
Element leaders fly leads ground track at 8000-12000’ in trail, or as briefed
Element lead in trail spacing for mass personnel or HE
4000-6000’
Fluid trail geometry
2000-6000 in trail
Up to the 3/9 line
Element lead fluid trail geometry
8000-12000 in trail of lead
Up to the 3/9 line of the preceding aircraft
Subsequent flight lead in trail distance during fluid trail
20,000’ behind preceding flight lead
Wedge formation geometry
30-60 degree cone
4000-6000 in trail
Line abreast geometry
6000-9000’ laterally
0-10 degrees aft of lead
TFM preferred spacing
6000-9000’, depending on the threat, never closer than 500’
Check turn bank angle and heading change before and after slowdown
30 AOB, 30 degrees of heading change or as briefed
10 AOB, 10 degrees of heading change or as briefed
9 degrees of heading change will result in approximately on many feet of XTRK per NM?
321 yards per NM
Used if you do not want to signal a formation turn
Delay turn parameters
Hard turn
Outrigger rule to determine who turns first
Inside aircraft delays turning until the outside aircraft passes the 5 or 7 o’clock position
In-place turn parameters
180 degree hard turn (can be a 90 degree turn to move from line abreast to in trail)
Hook turn parameters
180 degree break turn
Shackle parameters
Hard turn
Both aircraft turn into each other
Wingmen climb 500’
Roll out at 45 degrees of heading change
Lag shackle parameters
Lead uses a hard turn for 45 degrees of heading change
Wingman uses a level break turn
Crossturn parameters
180 degree turn
45 AOB
Lag crossturn parameters
180 degrees of turn
Lead is always 45 AOB
Wingman uses a level turn of either 30 or 60 AOB
Straight ahead rejoin techniques (2)
30 knots -> 3000’
20 knots -> 2000’
10 knots -> 1000’
OR
30 knots -> 1500’ then 600 TIT
Visual formation run-in:
All aircraft fly an independent run-in, CARP, and escape once at drop altitude and airspeed
Formation downwind recovery
200 KIAS and 1000’ AGL, or TPA whichever is higher
45 AOB then idle
Turn 10-12 seconds after the preceding aircraft
Do not descend below lead
Formation overhead recovery
200 KIAS and 1500’ AGL, or TPA whichever is higher
Lead breaks at approach end, 45 AOB, idle
Wingmen break no earlier than leads point
150 KIAS, configure on downwind wings level
Perch 1 NM past approach end
Wingmen time 12-14 seconds after preceding aircraft
Do not descend below lead
SKE formation spacing
Wingman
4000 ITRK
500R XTRK
ALT + 00
Element lead
8000 ITRK
0 XTRK
ALT + 00
Wingman airspeed during departure and assembly
190 KIAS until reaching assembly altitude, then up to 210 KIAS
What’s included in a computer turn?
TAS
Present heading
New heading
SKE lead change
Lead turns 45 degrees away until 1 NM offset
Sets SKE parameters
Drifts to rejoin the end of the formation
New lead conducts FCI checks
SKE EDP
Earliest point in the IFR drop corridor where lead may descend the formation to IMC drop altitude and have terrain clearance
EDP = DZ entry point - formation length
Normally provides 6 NM stabilization point
SKE LDP
The latest point in the IFR drop corridor where the formation lead may descend the formation and be stabilized prior to the release point
SKE FCI SD preps
30 second “SD” prep
5 second “-“ prep
“E”
SKE formation run-in
Once on drop altitude and airspeed, element leads fly independent run-ins to their own SCNS CARP
SKE drop FCI preps
1 minute and 5 seconds with a down prep
Green light with an “E”
SKE escape FCI preps
5 second “+” prep
“E” at escape point
SKE procedure turns and holding
Entry should be within 70 degrees of the published inbound course on the non-maneuvering side
Within 20 degrees on the maneuvering side
A minimum of 1000’ above the procedure turn altitude
How do you obtain approach separation during SKE procedure turn IAPs?
Wingmen delay the inbound turn for 18 seconds
Succeeding element leaders delay 36 seconds
Approach separation FCI
999, -, E
Element leader overrun
Set 2000 XTRK, monitor TWS and PPI
Must be back in position by the 1 minute
Wingman overrun
Set 1000 XTRK
Must be in a safe position by the one minute
