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FAWE > 3/26 > Flashcards

3/26 Flashcards

Invasive & Exotic Species

1
Q

What are the Ecological consequences of biotic invasions?

A
  1. loss of biological diversity (extinctions, e

2. Displacement of native species due to: predation, competition, disease, parasitism, habitat alternation.

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2
Q

What is an example of a biotic invasion?

A
  1. Brown tree snake accidentally introduced to Guam
    - hardship on people & wildlife (many of which are endemic species, only found there)=decline in native birds(10 of 12 extinct), power outages, bites etc.
  2. Hawaiian crow may not survive due to exotic species: pigs, birds, mosquitos, diseases (certain birds&diseases squeezed in same area/tree line)
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3
Q

What is a goatscape?

A

Goats and other domestic animals take the place of natural inhabitants

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4
Q

What is the significance of Round Island?

A
  • many endemic species, covered in dense palm forest
  • 1870s British Royal Navy launched campaign for ship-wrecked sailors to survive on island
  • rabbits & goats destroyed the natural habitat, affecting the endemic species (palm, snake, gecko)
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5
Q

What was the proposed solution for Round Island’s habitat adaptation?

A
  • killing rabbits & goats (Temple)
  • major protests
  • Gov. of Mauritius cancelled project
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6
Q

What eventually happened with Round Island?

A
  • New Zealand eradicated exotic species

- plant life resumed where soil was left

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7
Q

Why are exotics proliferating?

A
  • Global commerce, transportation disturbed habitats
  • Expansion of trade starting in the mid-1800’s
  • Free trade
  • Exotic species are not major issue in negotiations
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8
Q

What is a major source of extinction since 1600?

A

-Exotic species, causing 40% of animal extinctions

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9
Q

Statistic? x2

A

see slideshow

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10
Q

What are the two approaches to exotics?

A

Control & Eradication

  • Search for selective & effective methods have varied success rates
  • Biological control weapons of choice (using exotic species to kill exotic species)
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11
Q

What are the negatives to controlling or eradicating exotics?

A

Difficult, costly & controversial

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12
Q

With so many problems in controlling and eradicating exotics, what is seen as a better focus?

A

Prevention

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13
Q

Prevention vs Control

A
  • most countries have no general policy on introduction of exotics
  • no idea of international treaty
  • immigration for humans, not animals BULLSHIT
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14
Q

What is the current US Response to invasive species?

A
  • some pests on USDA “black list” or banned from entering
  • propasals for “white list” (Australia, N. Zeal.) only approved animals can enter, no others
  • Pres. Carter & Clinton called for interagency programs
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15
Q

What are two of the world’s worst invasive exotic animals?

A

Rats and Cats

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16
Q

What are the three type of common rats?

A
  • Norway, Black & Polynesian
17
Q

more rat stuff

A

see slideshow

18
Q

What is the view on rat control?

A
  • little to no opposition

- repellants, traps, poisons etc.

19
Q

Where are cats native?

A
  • essentially nowhere

- domesticated animals

20
Q

Why are cats so destructive?

A
  • predators/ meso-predators
  • decline, endangerment & enxtinction of their pray
  • transmit diseases to native species
  • controversial in killing (much more than rats)
21
Q

Give an example of a rat and cat invasion story

A
  • Rat island, now free of rats
  • Stephens ISland Wren: lighthouse keeper brought his cat which caught a wren (bird) which was the only wren left on the island and an entirely new discovered family
  • feral cats in Hawaiin, kill seabirds
22
Q

How has the number of pet cats changed over the last few decades?

A
  • tripled in size between 1970 and 2010

- 30% of household have cats

23
Q

What do the cat populations in rural WI look like?

A
  • at least 1.4 free-ranging cats in rural WI
  • Cat densities
  • each cat kills at least 5.6 birds per year = 7.8 million birds killed a year
  • even when cats are well fed, kill wildlife
  • up to 9% of birds living within hunting range killed by cats
24
Q

How are cats different from native carnivores?

A
  • high densities
  • population not regulated
  • “subsidized”
  • diseases can be transmitted to wild feline predators ( ex. FL panther)
25
Q

What is toxoplasmosis?

A

A disease which can only complete its life cycle through cat defecation
-flushed down toilet, remain in water, affects sea creatures, may affect humans

26
Q

cat management

A

see slideshow

27
Q

What is TNR?

A

Trap-Neuter-Release,
can’t control numbers over large area
these neutered cats would still cause problems
seen as inhumane “re-abandonment”

28
Q

2005 events in WI

A

see slideshow

29
Q

TTN Confine!

A

sss

30
Q

education on exotics

A

sss

FAWE (9 decks)

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