3/12 (absent)

Question 1

is wildlife ever too abundant?

Answer 1

yes; usually perceived by humans rather than biological reality

• usually “pest”
• usually localized problem
• solutions are are among the more difficult biologically ans socially for managers

Question 2

What are the 4 reasons why wildlife might be judges as too abundant

Answer 2

1. when animals threaten human life or livelihood
2. when animals depress the abundance of a favored species
3. when animals are too numerous “for their own good”
4. when animals are causing undesireable changes in the ecosystem

Question 3

What are some animal instances where they threaten people

Answer 3

• aircraft collisions
• property damage
• damage to crops and livestock
• transmission of life-threatening diseases and parasites

Question 4

What is an example of property damage?

Answer 4

woodpeckers

-costs can add up when a determined animal attacks property

Question 5

What percent of the world’s cereal crop production is consumed by wildlife?

Answer 5

20%

Question 6

What are some examples of serious diseases that have been transmitted from wildlife to people?

Answer 6

plague, rabies, yellow fever, hanta virus, lyme disease, leptospirosis

Question 7

What causes concerns over public health in relation to disease

Answer 7

starling/blackbird roosts and transmission of histoplasmosis

Question 8

What is an example of a favored species affected by another?

Answer 8

bluebirds are favored over exotic house sparrows; these birds compete for nest boxes and sparrows are aggressively controlled

Question 9

Too abundant for their own good?

Answer 9

based on human concern over density dependent processes (especially starvation, disease, parasites)

Question 10

Whats an example of an animal “too abundant for their own good”

Answer 10

control of white tailed deer to prevent the spread of CWD

Question 11

When do undesirable impacts on an ecosystem occur?

Answer 11

• native species escapes from natural density-dependent controls and becomes overabundant
• invasive exotic species enters a community in which density dependent controls are lacking

Question 12

Which is the only strong ecological justification for control

Answer 12

Change in Ecosystem!

• pest is biologically overabundant
• but ultimate cause of eruption is often human activities which allows species to escape natural control

Question 13

Controllinv overabundance by manipulating mortality, reporoduction and emigration

Answer 13

when the goal is to alleviate a problem by directly reducing the pest population’s size (lethal, lower N)

Question 14

Which species are more vulnerable?

Answer 14

K-selected species ie bears, big cats etc.

Question 15

What is needed for a lethal control to be effective?

Answer 15

1. high specificity
2. heavy mortality
3. cost effective
4. socially acceptable

Question 16

wildlife birth control

Answer 16

successful for r species

Question 17

Why is wildlife birth control difficult to implement

Answer 17

• labor intensity
• cost effectiveness
• possible effects of non-target speces

Question 18

What are the four characteristics of an effective control program based on raising mortality or lowering reproduction

Answer 18

• takes advantage of pest’s natural vulnerability
• selective
• socially acceptable
• cost effective

Question 19

relocating problem animals

Answer 19

often results in high mortality

Question 20

Bottomline

Answer 20

1. reductions in pop size trigger growth that must be removed
2. most programs of lethal control, though efficient, amount to little more than extended exercises in sustained yield management
3. programs that rely on control of rep. or reloc. are expensive

Question 21

Alternate ways of resolving problems

Answer 21

1. exluding animals from conflict area
2. imposing limiting facrot which lowers K
3. modifying animal’s offensive behavior

Question 22

What are the three types of repellents used?

Answer 22

1. physical (visual, auditory, tactile stimuli ex whistle)
2. chemical smell or taste bad
3. biotic (scarecrow)

Question 23

Aversive conditioning

Answer 23

usually based on taste aversion, pavlol

Question 24

obstacles?

Answer 24

1. habituation (pavlov)
2. extinction
3. making the desired associations