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A 131 > 3-2 The Cell and Genetics > Flashcards

3-2 The Cell and Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

When was earth formed

A

about 4.6 billion years ago

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2
Q

When did life first appear

A

3.8 billion years, prokaryotes

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3
Q

When did eukaryotic cells appear

A

2.0 billion years ago

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4
Q

What’s main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

eukaryotes - DNA in nucleus
prokaryotes - DNA flowing

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5
Q

When was there complex multicellular life

A

about one billion years ago

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6
Q

What is the plasma membrane

A
  • maintains inside and outside things going in or out cell, communication to other cells
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7
Q

cytoplasm

A

bounds organelles

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8
Q

nucleus

A

contain DNA

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9
Q

mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell

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10
Q

ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

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11
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

increase SA for ribosomes

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12
Q

what are somatic cells

A

body cells

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13
Q

What are sex cells

A

gametes, in testes and ovaries, transmission of genetic info to next gen

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14
Q

Who discovered DNA structure

A

Watson and crick, rosalind franklin

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15
Q

What is in the set of a nucleotide

A

1 phosphate, 1 sugar, one nitrogenous base

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16
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases

A

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

AT
GC

17
Q

What is the importance with base pairs

A
  • proteins are building clocks of components that make up an animal and set sequences of base pairs are coding for specific proteins
18
Q

what is a gene

A

a set sequence of base pairs that codes for a specific protein

19
Q

What are chromosomes

A
  • different sections of the entire DNA sequence
  • carry blueprints of body structural function
20
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have

A

46, diploid number (23 pairs of matched chromosomes)

21
Q

What is homologous chromosomes

A

set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis

22
Q

What does a gene refer to

A

a specific location or locus on a chromosome

23
Q

What are alleles

A

different versions of a specific trait

24
Q

What impacts the physical expression of a trait

A

depends on which allele is dominant and on how many genes are involved in expressing that trait - which it’s a monogenic or polygenic trait

25
Q

division of somatic cells

A

mitosis

26
Q

division of sex cells

A

meiosis

27
Q

how many chromosomes (haploid) in a sex cell

A

23

28
Q

spermatogenesis results in

A

2 x 2 y spermatids

29
Q

oogenesis results in

A

1 gamete, 3 nonfunctional polar bodies

only x

A 131 (9 decks)

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