3-2 The Cell and Genetics Flashcards
When was earth formed
about 4.6 billion years ago
When did life first appear
3.8 billion years, prokaryotes
When did eukaryotic cells appear
2.0 billion years ago
What’s main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
eukaryotes - DNA in nucleus
prokaryotes - DNA flowing
When was there complex multicellular life
about one billion years ago
What is the plasma membrane
- maintains inside and outside things going in or out cell, communication to other cells
cytoplasm
bounds organelles
nucleus
contain DNA
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell
ribosomes
protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
increase SA for ribosomes
what are somatic cells
body cells
What are sex cells
gametes, in testes and ovaries, transmission of genetic info to next gen
Who discovered DNA structure
Watson and crick, rosalind franklin
What is in the set of a nucleotide
1 phosphate, 1 sugar, one nitrogenous base
What are the nitrogenous bases
adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
AT
GC
What is the importance with base pairs
- proteins are building clocks of components that make up an animal and set sequences of base pairs are coding for specific proteins
what is a gene
a set sequence of base pairs that codes for a specific protein
What are chromosomes
- different sections of the entire DNA sequence
- carry blueprints of body structural function
How many chromosomes do humans have
46, diploid number (23 pairs of matched chromosomes)
What is homologous chromosomes
set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis
What does a gene refer to
a specific location or locus on a chromosome
What are alleles
different versions of a specific trait
What impacts the physical expression of a trait
depends on which allele is dominant and on how many genes are involved in expressing that trait - which it’s a monogenic or polygenic trait