3-2: Macromolecules

Question 0

What are the 3 variations in carbon skeletons?

Answer 0

Straight, branched, & rings

Question 1

How many valence electrons does Carbon need and how many bonds can it share?

Answer 1

Four (4)

Question 2

What are 3 types of bonds?

Answer 2

Single, double, & triple

Question 3

What is the definition of Carbon Bonding?

Answer 3

Tendency of Carbon to bond with itself and other atoms (especially H, O)

Question 4

What is a condensation reaction (or dehydration synthesis)?

Answer 4

It is the reaction of monomers changing to polymers.

Question 5

What is produced in a condensation reaction?

Answer 5

Water (creates bonding site)

Question 6

Name the four macromolecules.

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids

Question 7

What is hydrolysis and what needs added?

Answer 7

The breaking down of polymers into monomers and a water molecule needs to be added.

Question 8

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

Answer 8

Monosaccharide

Question 9

What is the monomer of lipids?

Answer 9

Fatty acids

Question 10

What is the basic formula of a carbohydrate?

Answer 10

CH2O (1:2:1 ratio)

Question 11

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Main source of energy for cells & support for cells

Question 12

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, & Polysaccharides

Question 13

What are 3 examples of monosaccharides? & what is their formula?

Answer 13

Glucose, fructose, & galactose; C6H12O6

Question 14

What are 2 examples of disaccharides?

Answer 14

Sucrose & Lactose, C12H22O11

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE

Lactose can be broken down by various things.

Answer 15

FALSE, Lactase is the only enzyme that can break down lactose.

Question 16

Name these in order from smallest to biggest: Macromolecule, polymer, carbon atom, monomer

Answer 16

Carbon atom, monomer, polymer, macromolecule

Question 17

What are the functions of lipids?

Answer 17

Energy storage, cushions and protects organs, insulation, & component of cell membrane

Question 18

Are lipids polar or non polar?

Answer 18

Non polar, won’t dissolve in water (hydrophobic)

Question 19

Name the two types of fats and compare them.

Answer 19

Saturated: saturated with Hydrogen, no double bonds, and solid at room temperature
Unsaturated: not saturated with Hydrogen, has double bonds, and liquid at room temperature.

Question 20

Why is peanut butter solid at room temperature?

Answer 20

It goes thru hydrogenation and the carbon double bonds are broken, adding hydrogen.

Question 21

What is the monomer of protein?

Answer 21

Amino acids

Question 22

What are the main functions of proteins?

Answer 22

Digestion, transport of oxygen (hemoglobin in blood), and movement

Question 23

What holds together amino acids?

Answer 23

Peptide bonds

Question 24

What are the differences between peptide, dipeptides, & polypeptide bonds?

Answer 24

Peptide: holds together one
Dipeptides: holds 2
Polypeptides: holds 3 or more

Question 25

What does the shape of a protein determine?

Answer 25

Its function

Question 26

What 2 things can change the shape of a protein?

Answer 26

High temperature denature or change in pH

Question 27

What are substrates and active sites

Answer 27

A substrate is the molecule the enzyme “works” on and the active site is the part of the enzyme the substrate fits into. Specific shape allows only specific substrate to fit in.

Question 28

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

Answer 28

Nucleotide

Question 29

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Answer 29

Carries genetic information

Question 30

What are examples of nucleic acids?

Answer 30

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) & RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)