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Biology > 3. 2. 1. 1 Eukaryotic Cell Structure > Flashcards

3. 2. 1. 1 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

List all the features of a eukaryotic cell.

A
  • Cell surface membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts
  • Golgi apparatus, golgi vesticles
  • Lysosomes
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cell wall
  • Cell vacuole
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2
Q

Give examples of a eukaryotic cell.

A
  • Animals, plants, fungi and protocista are all eukaryotic cells.
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3
Q

Describe the structure of the cell surface membrane.

A
  • Found on surface of animal cells (just inside the cell wall of other cells)
  • Made up of mostly lipids and protein
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4
Q

What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

A

The cell membrane regulated the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

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5
Q

What does the receptor molecules on the membrane do?

A

Receptor molecules on the membrane allow it to respond to chemicals like hormones.

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6
Q

Give a list of the structures found in the nucleus.

A
  • Large organelle
  • Surrounded by a nuclear envelope (double membrane) containing many pores
  • Contains chromosomes made from protein bound linear DNA
  • One or more nucleoli
  • Made up of chromatin
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7
Q

What does the nuclear envelope in the nucleus do?

A

The pores in the nuclear envelope allow movement of materials in and out of the nucleus.

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8
Q

What is chromatin in the nucleus?

A

A material which is made up of DNA and protein.

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9
Q

What is the function of the nucleoli?

A

The nucleoli is the site of ribosome production.

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10
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls cell activity through transcription of DNA, which contain instructions to make protein.
Site of gene expression, mRNA molecules are made here.

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11
Q

Describe the structure of chromosomes.

A
  • Chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are long linear molecules of DNA
  • Bound to proteins called histones to form chromatin
  • Chromatin can be coiled or uncoiled during cell division
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12
Q

Give a list of the structures found in the mitochondrion.

A
  • Double membrane bound structures (inner and outer)
  • Matrix
  • Cristae
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13
Q

What is the function of the outer membrane?

A

The outer membrane controls movement of substances in and out of the cells.

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14
Q

What is the function of the inner membrane?

A

The inner membrane is folded to form structures called cristae.

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15
Q

What of the function of cristae?

A

It is the site of respiration, it is folded to increase SA and produce more energy.

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16
Q

What is the function of the matrix?

A

The matrix contains enzymes involved in respiration.
Also contains ribosomes as well as its own DNA to allow it to encode proteins needed for respiration.

17
Q

What is the function of the mitochondrion?

A

Mitochondrion is the site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced.
Found in large numbers in active cells, requiring a lot of energy.

18
Q

Describe the structure of ribosomes.

A
  • Smallest and most numerous cell
  • Made in the nucleoli
  • Either float free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Made up of proteins and RNA
  • Not surrounded by a membrane
  • Two subunits (large and small)
19
Q

Describe the function of RNA.

A
  • Join amino acids together during photo synthesis
20
Q

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Manufacture and transport substances like proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

21
Q

Describe the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A
  • System of membranes that enclose a fluid filled space
  • Surface covered in ribosomes
22
Q

Describe the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Folds and processes the proteins that have been produces at the ribosomes.

23
Q

Describe the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Similar to rough endoplasmic reticulum except no ribosomes are present.

24
Q

Describe the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Synthesises and processes lipids.

Biology (25 decks)

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