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#3 Flashcards

1
Q

After strep mutans, which bacteria is a “late colonizer” in dental careis?

A

Lactobacillus

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2
Q

What is the most frequent variant of Hodgkin’s disease?

A

Nodular sclerosis

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3
Q

What is the serum protein that is found in the acute-phase that gives a useful marker of the persistence of and extent of inflammation?

A

C-reactive protein (CRP)

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4
Q

Does the CSF and choroid plexus play a role in the mucosal immune system?

A

NO

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5
Q

What is the molecule that acts as a bearing enhancer for the process of phagocytosis?

A

Opsonins

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6
Q

What disorder is due to vitamin D deficiency in adults? and in children?

A

Osteomalacia

Rickets

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7
Q

What does E. coli heat stable toxin bind to and activate to cause diarrhea?

A

Guanylate cyclase which causes an increase in cGMP

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8
Q

What is the largest virus?

A

poxviridae

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9
Q

In addition to rotovirus, what are two other viruses that spread via the fecal-oral route?

A

Poliovirus and coxsackievirus

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10
Q

-female
-short height
-infertility
-amenohorrea
-webbed neck
-rib notching on a chest x-ray

A

Turner’s syndrome

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11
Q

In children, where does a Wilm’s tumor form? and what is its first sign?

A

-kidney
-painless abdominal mass

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12
Q

Of all permanent premolars, which is most likely to exhibit a transverse ridge?

A

mandibular first premolar

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13
Q

What is a Bennett movement?

A

characterized by the shifting of both condyles along the lateral inclines of the mandibular fossae which results in lateral jaw movement

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14
Q

Which permanent premolar has a buccal cusp that is displaced distally while the lingual cusp is displace mesially?

A

Maxillary first premolar

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15
Q

Which cusp is largest in a permanent mandibular second molar?

A

mesiolingual

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16
Q

Which spinal tract does not cross from right to left (or vice versa)?

A

Vestibulospinal

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17
Q

Which spinal tract crosses twice from right to left and vice versa?

A

Spinocerebellar

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18
Q

What are kuppfer cells? and what is their precursor?

A

-Specialized macrophages in the Liver
-monocytes

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19
Q

What causes impressions in the right lung? (4)

A

-azygos vein
-esophagus
-pulmonary ligament
-inferior vena cava

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20
Q

Which nerve innervates the levator veli palatini?

A

CN X, vagus

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21
Q

Which periodontal fibers are most numerous?

A

oblique

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22
Q

Based on the following symptoms, which CN could be affected?
-difficulty swallowing
-abnormal sensations in the external auditory meatus
-drooping soft palate

A

CN X

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23
Q

Ethmoidal sinus drainage
- Anterior —> ?
- middle —> ?
- posterior —> ?

A
  • middle meatus, semilunar hiatus
    -center of ethmoidal bulla
    -superior meatus
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24
Q

What cells line the gall bladder?
what is their purpose?

A
  • simple columnar epithelium
  • specialize in absorbing water to concentrate bile
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25
At what level of the spinal column is the conus medullaris found?
around 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebrae
26
Function of Rough ER?
synthesize proteins
27
Function of Smooth ER?
- synthesize lipids and steroids - metabolize carbs
28
Function of melanocytes? Where are they found?
- produce melanin - located in stratum basale
29
Layers of the skin starting at basement membrane
- stratum basale - spinosum - granulosum - lucidum - corneum
30
Function of stratum basale?
cells divide by mitosis
31
Stratum spinosum
- keratin fibers - lamellar bodies
32
stratum granulosum
- keratohyalin - protein envelope - cells die
33
stratum lucidum
- dead cells
34
stratum corneum
- protein envelopes - surrounded by lipids
35
Significant branches of the thyrocervical trunk
- inferior thyroid artery - suprascapular artery - ascending cervical artery - transverse cervical artery
36
Where is the bond that forms glycogen branches?
Alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds
37
What is the purpose of Kinesin?
mediates intracellular migration of organelles and vesicles (toward the positive end)
38
Function of dynamin
GTPase that is responsible for endocytosis in cells
39
Function of filamins
non-muscle actin binding proteins, cross-linking actin into dynamic 3-D structures
40
Function of Dynein
motor protein in the cell
41
Why is glycine present at every 3rd amino acid in collagen?
it is the only AA that can fit in the crowded center of 3 stranded helicies
42
Type 1 collagen
- tendons - skin - artery walls - cornea - bones - teeth
43
Type 2 collagen
- hyaline cartilage
44
Type 3 collagen
-granulation tissue - intestines - uterus
45
Type 4 collagen
- basal lamina - eye lens
46
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
"PVT TIM HaLL" - phenylalanine - valine - tryptophan - threonin - isoleucine - leucine - histidine - methionine - lysine
47
What are the functions fo microtubules?
- chromosome separation - organelle movement - positioning of golgi and other organelles - movement of cilia
48
What are the components of ground substance?
- Glycosaminoglycans - proteins - which form proteoglycans and fibrous proteins
49
What are Glycosaminoglycans?
- heparin - hyaluronic acid - chondroitin sulfate
50
Function of integrins
transmembrane proteins that attach cells to extracellular matrix proteins of the basement membrane
51
What affect does Higher 2,3 BPG have on hemoglobin?
lowers O2 affinity
52
What affect does higher CO have on hemoglobin?
higher O2 affinity
53
What affect does higher temp have on hemoglobin?
lower O2 affinity
54
What affect does higher pH have on hemoglobin?
- lower H ions - lower CO2 - Higher O2 affinity
55
Function of adenyl cyclase
enzyme that synthesizes cAMP from ATP
56
In the urea cycle, how does nitrogen enter?
- aspartate - free ammonia
57
Which mycoses has a world wide distribution?
coccidioidomycosis
58
What are the 4 cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
1- Rudor (redness) 2 - Tumor (tissue swelling) 3 - calor (heat) 4 - dolor (pain)
59
Characteristics of Leptospira interrogans
- transmitted via infected animal urine in the water - survive in neutral or alkaline water for 3 months
60
Characteristics of borrelia burgdorferi
- predominant cause of lyme disease - transmitted through ticks
61
Characteristics of neisseria meningitides
- spread through the exchange of saliva and respiratory secretions
62
Characteristic of Treponema pallidum
- causes syphilis
62
Characteristics of bartonella quintana
- causes trench fever - transmitted through the human body louse
62
What is the direct cause of CNS inflammation due to meningitis?
- tumor necrosis factor
63
What type of immunoassay is generally used to type RBCs for ABO groups?
direct hemagglutination assay
64
Characteristics of candida albicans
- thrush in the oral cavity - patches of white slough that can be easily wiped away - normal flora but opportunistic
65
Characteristics of histoplasma capsulatum
- inhaled airborne spores associated with bird of bat droppings - oral manifestations are ulcerating lesions on tongue, gingiva and buccal mucosa
66
how does chlorine exert its disinfecting action?
- acts as an oxidizing agent - kills by crosslinking essential sulfhydryl groups thus modifying proteins
67
What disorder is characterized by the symptom "bronze diabetes?"
hereditary hemochromatosis
68
gilberts syndrome
-mild liver condition, liver doesn't process bilirubin properly
69
Dubin- johnson syndrome
- inherited, benign disorder of bilirubin metabolism - hyperbilirubinemia with normal liver transaminases
70
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
- severe condition - high levels of toxic substance called bilirubin in blood
71
Common B-cell neoplams
- hairy cell leukemia - burkitt's lymphoma - mantle cell lymphoma
72
What type of cell is affected in angiocentric lymphoma?
Natural killer cell
73
Characteristics of Multiple myeloma
(CRAB) - Calcium (elevated) - renal failure - anemia - bone lesions
74
IgG functions
- main form of antibodies in circulation - production increased after immunizations - secreted during secondary secondary response
75
IgA functions
- found in external secretions - saliva - mothers milk - tears
76
IgM functions
- antigen receptors on lymphocyte surface prior to immunization - secreted during primary response
77
IgE functions
- responsible for allergic symptoms in immediate hypersensitivity reactions
78
IgD functions
- antigen receptors on lymphocyte surface prior to immunizations
79
What does the pterygomandibular raphe attach to?
- posterior = pharyngeal constrictor muscles - anteriorly = middle of buccinator muscle - laterally = ramus of the mandible - inferiorly = mylohyoid line of mandible
80
What do Paneth cells in the small intestine secrete? What is their other name?
- lysozyme - an antimicrobial - also called Davidoff's cells
81
What is the hertwig's epithelial root sheath? What tooth germ component gives rise to it?
- it initiates the formation of dentin in the root of a tooth and root form - inner and outer enamel epithelium of the enamel organ
82
What intraoral structure forms the sublingual fold?
- the upper edge of the sublingual gland
83
Where does the azygos vein drain?
- superior vena cava
84
What muscle relaxes the vocal cords?
- thyroarytenoid
85
What is the terminal branch of the maxillary artery?
- The sphenopalatine (nasopalatine) artery
86
What layer is most responsible for peristalsis?
- muscularis externa
87
Which nerve is responsible for pain in the posterior half of external ear canal?
- auricular branch of the vagus nerve
88
Which nerve is responsible for pain in the anterior half of external auditory meatus?
- auriculotemporal nerve

Biomedical Science (3 decks)

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