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Question 1

Does the mean follow the rule of linearity?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Although variance does follow the rules of linearity, what else do you need to do (except summing variances)?

Answer 2

Adding a square

Question 3

If we can take multiple samples of a population, what is the better thing to do?

Answer 3

Take one large sample

Question 4

If you take multiple samples, you can create a histogram of?

Answer 4

Means for each sample.

Question 5

How can a histogram of means for each sample useful?

Answer 5

You can compare the mean and variance for the histogram of means and compare it to the actual mean and variance of the population.

Question 6

If you have larger sample sizes, then the means are?

Answer 6

Closer together and less spread out.

Question 7

Standard error?

Answer 7

Estimate of standard deviation of its sampling distribution. Most useful for a histogram of means for many samples.

Question 8

Confidence interval?

Answer 8

Provides a plausible range for a parameter (believable or reasonable). All values for the parameter lying within the interval are plausible, given the data, whereas those outside are unlikely.

Question 9

!!!!!What does it mean to have a 95% confidence interval for the mean?

Answer 9

The means of many samples have a 95% chance of falling within the confidence interval.

Question 10

Pseudoreplication?

Answer 10

Error that occurs when individuals measurements are not independent, but they are treated as though they are.

Question 11

Mutually exclusive?

Answer 11

Two events that cannot both be true

Question 12

How to write mutually exclusive probability?

Answer 12

Pr(A and B) = 0

Question 13

Probability distribution?

Answer 13

The true relative frequency of all possible values of a random variable.

Question 14

Addition principle for two mutually exclusive events: Pr[A or B] = ?

Answer 14

Pr[A] + Pr[B]

Question 15

General addition principle probability of intersecting sets when events are or are not mutually exclusive: Pr[A or B]?

Answer 15

Pr[A] + Pr[B] - Pr[A and B]

Question 16

Independence?

Answer 16

Two events are independent if the occurrence of one gives no information about whether the second will occur.

Question 17

Multiplication rule if two events are independent, then: Pr[A and B] = ?

Answer 17

Pr[A]*Pr[B]

Question 18

!!!!!Mutually exclusive vs independent?

Question 19

General formula for “at least one” out of n independent trails, where prob in each trial is Pr(A): Pr(at least one A) = ?

Answer 19

1 - (1 - Pr(A))^n

Question 20

Overall probability of a dependent event?

Answer 20

Dissecting the dependent events into its independent events, and add them up depending on the original problem.

Question 21

Conditional probability of an event is the probability of that event occurring given that a condition is met is Pr[X|Y]. Pr[X|Y] = ?

Answer 21

Pr[A and B] / P[A]

Question 22

General multiplication rule whether or not events A and B are independent: Pr[A and B] = ?

Answer 22

Pr[A]Pr[B|A]

Question 23

Hypothesis testing?

Answer 23

Certain testing approaches to determine whether the probability is valid enough