3 Flashcards
How did Non-photosynthetic eukaryotes derived 3.5 billion years ago?
A prokaryote engulfed an a-proteobacterium that eventually became the mitochondria of the cell and the cell eventually became an eukaryote.
How many endosymbiotic events occurred for the mitochondria and chloroplast to occur in a cell?
2 separate events
Is it that the original symbiotic bacteria that was engulfed engulf another to create 3 membranes?
Most food source in earth?
Phytoplankton
96% of all plant biomass on earth has been built by?
CO2
Photosynthesis evolved •before/after aerobic respiration?
Before
What does it mean to have a rapid drop in O2 levels? (Think end of Permian)
A lot of dust and soot that covers the atmosphere and blocks sunlight for photosynthesis to occur.
Overall equation of photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 12 H2O + Light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Light dependent and light independent reaction overall equation? 2•
•Light dependent: 12H2O + light (hv) -> 24H+ + 24e- + 6O2. The electrons are then excited by light and 24H+ becomes ATP and 24 e- becomes NADPH through the ETC and ATP synthase.
•Light independent: 6CO2 + 24H+ + 24e- -> C6H12O6 + 6H2O. It uses ATP and NADPH from light dependent reaction and incorporate CO2 into an organic molecule to form glucose.
Light dependent reaction?
Splits water to extract electrons and they are excited by light and generates energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADPH).
Light independent reaction?
Uses ATP and NADH from light dependent reaction and incorporate CO2 into an organic molecule to form glucose.
Light independent reactions require?
Products from light dependent reactions.
Could light dependent reactions occur at night?
NOT at all.
In light independent reaction, where does solar energy get stored?
High energy carbon bonds between sugars.
Cross section of leave?
Upper epidermis
Mesophyll
Lower epidermis
Which part of a leaf capture energy from light?
Chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells.
Stomata?
A pore in a leaf
Guard cells in a stomata?
A sac that can be filled with water and compounds that can control the opening and closing of the stoma by having the vacuole fuller or less full of water.
A hot day is dangerous for the stomata to stay open because?
There will be water loss.
Why won’t photosynthesis occur in the winter?
Shorter days and not enough time for photosynthesis.
The higher the energy of light, the •shorter/longer the wavelength?
Shorter
How did photosynthetic eukaryotic cells derived abt 3.5 billion years ago?
The eukaryote cell engulfed Cyanobacteria and eventually became the chloroplast through the endosymbiotic theory.
