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Question 1

How did Non-photosynthetic eukaryotes derived 3.5 billion years ago?

Answer 1

A prokaryote engulfed an a-proteobacterium that eventually became the mitochondria of the cell and the cell eventually became an eukaryote.

Question 2

How many endosymbiotic events occurred for the mitochondria and chloroplast to occur in a cell?

Answer 2

2 separate events

Is it that the original symbiotic bacteria that was engulfed engulf another to create 3 membranes?

Question 3

Most food source in earth?

Answer 3

Phytoplankton

Question 4

96% of all plant biomass on earth has been built by?

Answer 4

CO2

Question 5

Photosynthesis evolved •before/after aerobic respiration?

Answer 5

Before

Question 6

What does it mean to have a rapid drop in O2 levels? (Think end of Permian)

Answer 6

A lot of dust and soot that covers the atmosphere and blocks sunlight for photosynthesis to occur.

Question 7

Overall equation of photosynthesis?

Answer 7

6CO2 + 12 H2O + Light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Question 8

Light dependent and light independent reaction overall equation? 2•

Answer 8

•Light dependent: 12H2O + light (hv) -> 24H+ + 24e- + 6O2. The electrons are then excited by light and 24H+ becomes ATP and 24 e- becomes NADPH through the ETC and ATP synthase.

•Light independent: 6CO2 + 24H+ + 24e- -> C6H12O6 + 6H2O. It uses ATP and NADPH from light dependent reaction and incorporate CO2 into an organic molecule to form glucose.

Question 9

Light dependent reaction?

Answer 9

Splits water to extract electrons and they are excited by light and generates energy (ATP) and reducing power (NADPH).

Question 10

Light independent reaction?

Answer 10

Uses ATP and NADH from light dependent reaction and incorporate CO2 into an organic molecule to form glucose.

Question 11

Light independent reactions require?

Answer 11

Products from light dependent reactions.

Question 12

Could light dependent reactions occur at night?

Answer 12

NOT at all.

Question 13

In light independent reaction, where does solar energy get stored?

Answer 13

High energy carbon bonds between sugars.

Question 14

Cross section of leave?

Answer 14

Upper epidermis

Mesophyll

Lower epidermis

Question 15

Which part of a leaf capture energy from light?

Answer 15

Chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells.

Question 16

Stomata?

Answer 16

A pore in a leaf

Question 17

Guard cells in a stomata?

Answer 17

A sac that can be filled with water and compounds that can control the opening and closing of the stoma by having the vacuole fuller or less full of water.

Question 18

A hot day is dangerous for the stomata to stay open because?

Answer 18

There will be water loss.

Question 19

Why won’t photosynthesis occur in the winter?

Answer 19

Shorter days and not enough time for photosynthesis.

Question 20

The higher the energy of light, the •shorter/longer the wavelength?

Answer 20

Shorter

Question 21

How did photosynthetic eukaryotic cells derived abt 3.5 billion years ago?

Answer 21

The eukaryote cell engulfed Cyanobacteria and eventually became the chloroplast through the endosymbiotic theory.