3- 1 Cockney

Question 1

Realisational features : shift

Answer 1

The Southern Diphthong Shift

FLEECE → [iɪ] - [eɪ] - [əɪ]
FACE → [aɪ]
PRICE → [ʌɪ] - [ɔɪ]
CHOICE → [oɪ]

Question 2

Realisational features
GOAT

Answer 2

GOAT

is pronounced in a way that sounds like [ʌə] – [aə]

(In ‘extreme’ cases, the second element can be [ɪ])

no /nəʊ/ ou /nʌʊ/
though /ˈðəʊ/ /ˈðʌʊ/ /ˈðʌɪ/
goal /ˈgəʊɫ/
mould /ˈməʊɫd/

Question 3

Realisational features
MOUTH

Answer 3

is realised as [æʊ] or [æː]

now [næʊ]
brown [bræʊn]
house [(h)æʊs]

Question 4

Dropping

Answer 4

h-dropping :
‘aendo (=handle) : ed (=head) : ‘oefi’ (=heart), edʒ (=edge)

g-dropping :
ˈtɔːkɪŋ (=talking) → ˈtɔːkɪn → (talkin’ / tawkin)

Question 5

TH

Answer 5

TH fronting
θ becomes f
ð becomes v

thing →ˈθɪŋ → fɪŋ
mouth →ˈmaʊθ → maʊf
mother → ˈmʌðə → mʌvə
33 → ˈθɜːti ˈθriː → fɜːti ˈfriː

Question 6

Yod

Answer 6

Yod dropping
new → ˈnjuː → ˈnuː
tune → ˈtjuːn → ˈtuːn
reduce → rɪˈdjuːs → rɪˈduːs

Yod coalescence
tune → ˈtjuːn → ˈtʃuːn
reduce → rɪˈdjuːs → rɪˈdʒuːs

Question 7

What is in place of dark l ?

Answer 7

vocalization in place of dark l

milk → mɪok
bottle → bɒʔoz
shell → ʃeo
pencil → ‘pentso
bulb → bʌob

Question 8

What about glotalling ?

Answer 8

Yes !

rabbit → ˈræbɪt → ˈræbɪʔ
butterfly → ˈbʌtərflaɪ → ˈbʌʔərflɑɪ
kettle → ˈkɛtəl → ˈkɛʔo
football → ˈfʊtbɔːl → ˈfʊʔbɔːl
water → ˈwɔːtər → ˈwɔːʔə
city → ˈsɪti → ˈsɪʔi

Question 9

nt

Answer 9

London : Nt reduction / nt coalescence

Twenty → ‘tweni
Plenty → ‘pleni
I want to be free → ‘wɒnə
I wanted → ‘wɒnɪd
I want it → ‘wɒnɪʔ
Went away → ˈwen əˈwʌɪ