2Y: Population, Diversity & Change Flashcards
Why did population increase rapidly after 1750?
The agricultural and industrial revolutions occurred and this meant there was more food available and people lived longer.
What are the 3 main causes of population change?
- Births measured using the birth rate
- Deaths measured using the death rate
- Migration through the movement of people in and out of an area
How is the Birth Rate calculated?
This is the number of babies born per 1,000 people in the total population in one year.
How is the Death Rate calculated?
This is the number of deaths per 1,000 people in the total population in one year.
What is a Natural Increase and a Natural Decrease?
A Natural Increase is where more people are born than die in a year and the population grows.
A Natural Decrease is where more people die than are born in a year and the population drops.
What do you call people who study changes in population?
Demographer.
What are the models a demographer creates to understand population changes?
A Demographic Transition Model or a,
Population Cycle Model.
What are the 5 stages of the Population Cycle?
- High Fluctuating Stage: country undeveloped, population low but balanced.
- Early Expanding Stage: country begins to develop, population rises as deaths fall due to developments and improvements in food, health care and sanitation(less disease). Example: Mali
- Late Expanding Stage: country developing well, population rising rapidly. Natural increase is high. Example: Brazil
- Low Fluctuating Stage: country is developed. population high, but balanced with low death and low birth rate. Families are planned with a desire for small families. Example: Ireland
- Senile Stage: Population is high, but in decline due to an ageing population. Continued desire for small families. Example: Germany
What are the 6 factors that influence the rate of population change?
- Food Supply
- War
- Technological Development
- Health
- Education
- The place of Women in society.
How does Food Supply influence the rate of population change?
- growing population needs an increasing food supply
- agricultural revolution brought about population growth
- new farming menthods such as crop rotation and selective breeding produce more food.
- fertilisers and pesticides allow farmers to grow more crops.
How does War influence the rate of population change?
- war obviously increases the death rate
- war decreases the death rate as young people are away @ war
- war puts a strain on health services, water supplies, sanitation and farming which can lead to higher death rates
- population of germany decreased during WW1 and WW2
- many parts of Africa are war torn at present affecting population levels
How does technological developments influence the rate of population change?
- technology increases food supply
- tractor and machines make farms more productive
- irrigation schemes prevent drought
- medical equipment and drugs lower death rates
How does Health influence the rate of population change?
- a good healthcare system lowers the death rate
- vaccines and antibiotics reduce deaths
- access to doctors reduce deaths
- clean drinking water and sanitation prevent diseases
Many fatal diseases that are widespead in the devloping world rarely occue in developed rich countries due to living conditions.
How does Education influence the rate of population change?
- Lower birth and death rates
- Understand family planning methods
- Healthier diet and lifestyles
61 milion children of primary school age do not attend school. Half of these are in Sub-Saharan Africa,
How does Place of Women in Society influence the rate of population change?
- Family planning & Family planning for career - smaller families
- In less develop countries, women are married at a young age and expected to have large families.
