1Y: Economic Activities - Secondary Sector

Question 1

What are the 3 Industrial Regions?

Answer 1

The 3 regions are:

(1) Industrialised Regions
(2) Newly-industrialised Regions
(3) Industrialised-emergent Regions

Question 2

What are the 2 negative effects of Industry on a region?

Answer 2

Industry can cause (1) Pollution e.g. Acid Rain and (2) Conflict.

Question 3

Why is ‘Goverment Policy’ a Factor?

Answer 3

Goverments do many things to engourage companies to setup in their country:

(1) Grants
(2) Incentives
(3) Low Corporation Tax

Question 4

Where are the Newly-industrialised Regions?

Answer 4

These countries are mainly in South-East Asia such as South Korea, China and India. Other examples are Mexico and Brazil.

Cheaper labour mean that more MNC’s are moving to these countries.

Many products like shoes, clothes and electronic goods are now made in these countries.

Question 5

Why did the Coal Industry decline?

Answer 5

The availability of cheap Oil and Natural Gas in the North Sea in the 1960’s and 1970’s reduced the demand for coal.

Other countries such as Germany also increased their production of steel and this led to greater competition.

By 2011, there were fewer than 50 mines left in Britain.

Question 6

Why is ‘Transport Facilities’ a Factor?

Answer 6

All factories need to transport their products to the Market-Place.

If sold within the same country, the factory would need a good road network or rail transport.

If sold to other countries, the factory would need good access to either an airport or a ferry port.

This is all to reduce costs.

Question 7

Why is ‘Personal Preference’ a Factor?

Answer 7

Some people may set up a factory in an area they come from or an area they like.

Question 8

What is a Heavy Industry?

Answer 8

In Heavy industry, the resource materials and the products being made are big and heavy. Iron and Steel are examples.

Question 9

Name the 4 different types of Manufacturing Industry

Answer 9

(1) Heavy Industry
(2) Light Industry
(3) Multinational Corporations (MNC’s)
(4) Footloose Industry

Question 10

What are the 5 solutions to Acid Rain?

Answer 10

(1) Use more renewable and clean energy sources such as solar and wind power
(2) Use natural gas instead of coal in power stations because it is a cleaner fuel
(3) Use filters on coal and oil power station to reduce emissions
(4) Tax cars with high emissions or develop cleaner technology for cars
(5) Encourage people to use public transport

Question 11

What is Industry Conflict?

Answer 11

Conflict may arise between factory owners and the inhabitants of the surrounding area…Example: Location of incinerators such as the one built by Indaver in Duleek, Co. Meath.

Question 12

What is Industrial inertia?

Answer 12

When an industry does not relocate even though it’s better to do so, its called industrial inertia.

This generally occurs when the industry has a brand name like Sheffield Steel, Waterford Glass and is linked to the surrounding area.

Question 13

What is Acid Rain?

Answer 13

Acid Rain is formed when sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the atmosphere.

This is done when fossil fuels(oil, coal and gas) are burned in cars and factories.

The gasses combine with the water vapour in the air and fall as acid rain.

It can be created in one region and blown to another region.

Question 14

What are the 8 FACTORS that influence the location of a factory?

Answer 14

1. Raw Materials
2. Transport Facilities
3. Labour Force
4. Services
5. Capital
6. Markets
7. Goverment Policy (EU)
8. Personal Preferences

Question 15

What is an example of a Light Industry?

Answer 15

Apple is an example of a Light Industry located in Hollyhill, Cork.

Apple produce information technology products such as computers, iPads, iPods and iPhones for the world market.

Question 16

What are outputs?

Answer 16

These are the things we have at the end.

Examples: Windows Frames, Doors…etc.

Question 17

What does a system consist of?

Answer 17

Inputs, processes and outputs.

Question 18

What is a Light Industry?

Answer 18

In Light Industry, the products being made are small and light. Electronic products and healthcare products are examples.

Question 19

Why is ‘Raw Materials’ a Factor?

Answer 19

If the raw materials needed by a factory are big heavy, the factory will need to be located close to them, otherwise it is too expensive and difficult to get them to the factory.

Question 20

Where are the Industrially-emergent Regions?

Answer 20

Very little manufacturing takes place in the countries in these regions. They are mainly in sub-saharan Africa, as well as some parts of Asia and South America.

However companies may move to Africa over the coming years as wages increase in Asian countries.

Question 21

What is a Footloose Industry?

Answer 21

These days, manufacturing can setup in a variety of different locations. They are not tied to one tpye of location, so they are called Footloose Industries.

They are usually Light Industries and can be found in Industrial Estates or Business Parks like the Cork Airport Business Park.

Question 22

Why is ‘Services’ a Factor?

Answer 22

Services refer to things like electricity, water, sewage, telephone, broadband…etc and factories need good quality services that are readily available.

Question 23

What are inputs?

Answer 23

These are the things that we need to put in at the start.

Inputs include raw materials, which are the basic materials, often natural used to make other things.

Examples: Raw Materials, Electricity, Machinery, Workers.

Question 24

Why is ‘Labour Force’ a Factor?

Answer 24

Labour force means the people needed to work in the factory.

Therefore, factories need to be built where there are enough workers like towns and cities.

For factories that need highly skilled workers, they would need to built close to Universities/Colleges.

Question 25

Why is ‘Capital’ a Factor?

Answer 25

Capital means the money the company needs to set up a factory. It may need to get investment from Banks or Goverments(Capital Grants) to help with these costs.

Question 26

What are processes?

Answer 26

These are the things that we do to the inputs to turn them into semi-finished or finished products.

Examples: Measuring, Cutting, Moulding, Chiselling, Clamping.

Question 27

Where are the Industrialised Regions?

Answer 27

These include USA, Europe, Japan and Australia. All these counties have become industrialised since the Industrial Revolution. Labour costs are generally high in these countries and are all developed countries.

Question 28

Name 4 Factors why Apple locate in Cork?

Answer 28

(1) Low Corporation Tax of 12.5%
(2) Member of EU, so freedom of movement of goods.
(3) Transport - it’s close proximity to Cork Port and Cork Airport.
(4) Labour Force - being close to UCC and CIT mean a good supply of skilled workers.

Question 29

What are secondary economic activities?

Answer 29

Secondary economic activities involve making things. They take place in the manufacturing sector and may be seen as a system.

Question 30

What are the 3 problems caused by Acid Rain?

Answer 30

(1) Wash nutrients from the soil, which stops crops growing
(2) Wipes out fish stocks in lakes as lake becomes acidic.
(3) Forests can be vulnerable to disease (i.e large areas of Black Forest)

Question 31

What are the 4 reasons why women have now careers in Industry?

Answer 31

(1) From the late 1960’s, Free Secondary Education means boys and girls had equal access and opportunities.
(2) The womens liberation movement of the 1970’s led to the change in the status of women.
(3) Gender equality laws have given women equal status withmen in the workforce.
(4) The increase in the cost of living means thay in many cases, both parents have to work to pay for living costs.

In 2011, women accounted for 44% of the labour force.

Question 32

How and when did the British Iron and Steel Industry develop?

Answer 32

In the late 1700’s during the Industrial Revolution, Britain began to develop its Iron and Steel industry.

Britain had large amounts of coal and iron ore deposits, which were the raw materials used to make Iron and Steel.

Coal was a much better form of power with 3 times more energy than wood and Steel Mills were built beside the coal mines because coal was a bulky, heavy raw material which was expensive to transport.

The coal mining industry peaked in 1913 when there were over 2,500 coal mines in Britain.

Question 33

What is an Incinerator?

Answer 33

Incinerators are factories that burn waste. Everywhere they are built, people protest because scientists believe the fumes from the burning of waster are carcinogenic.

A carcinogen is a cancer-causing agent that can lead to people developing cancers.

Question 34

What are the 3 positive effects of Industrial Estate on a region?

Answer 34

(1) Jobs
(2) Improve Infrastructure
(3) Improved standard of living

Question 35

Why is ‘Markets’ a Factor?

Answer 35

Having access to markets means being close to the places where you are going to sell your products. The closer you are the lower the transport costs and the faster to get them to market.

Question 36

What is a Multinational Corporation (MNC’s)?

Answer 36

These companies make their products in many different countries. Their HQ are located in one country and they have branches in other countries throughout the world.

Examples of MNCs are Apple, Coca Cola, Google, Mc Donalds, Dell.