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CPH LEC > 2nd trinal > Flashcards

2nd trinal Flashcards

1
Q

illnesses That spread from one person to another or from animal to a person or from a surface or a food

A

communicable diseases

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2
Q

Examples of communicable diseases

A

HIV
Measles
Salmonella
blood-borne diseases
hepatitis A B C

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3
Q

6 criteria That needs to be met to diagnose a hepatitis infection

A
  1. infection agent (hepa virus)
  2. reservoir
  3. route of infection
  4. transmission mode
  5. route of entry
  6. susceptible subject
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4
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION

A

pathogen
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible subject

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5
Q

How well a pathogen infects its host has to do with its

A

pathogenicity
degree of virulence
transmissibility

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6
Q

serves as a place in the environment where a pathogen lives, replicates and thrives

A

reservoir

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7
Q

2 types of reservoir

A

symptomatic infection
asymptomatic carriers

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8
Q

This means that the patient contacts and normal activities will normally be restricted

A

symptomatic infection

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9
Q

carriers do Not display any signs or symptoms of illness. They are a symptomatic but can still spread disease

A

asymptomatic carriers

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10
Q

example of asymptomatic carrier

A

typhoid mary

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11
Q

Any infectious disease that is naturally transmitted from animal to human

A

zoonotic disease

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12
Q

causative agent of tetanus and make soils as their reservoir

A

clostridium tetani

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13
Q

causative agent of legionnaries disease and makes water as their reservoir

A

legionella pneumophilla

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14
Q

refers to any route refers to any route that the pathogen can leave the reservoir

A

portal of exit

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15
Q

in human the main Portals of exit includes

A

alimentary
genitourinary
respiratory
skin

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16
Q

vomiting, diarrhea and saliva

A

alimentary

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17
Q

sexual contact

A

genitourinary

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18
Q

secretions from coughing
sneezing
or talking

A

respiratory

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19
Q

open wounds
bodily secretions

A

skin

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20
Q

mode of transmissions

A

direct and indirect contact

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21
Q

skin to skin contact
kissing
sexual contact
contact with oral secretions
contact with body lesions

A

direct contact

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22
Q

3 types of indirect contact

A

droplet transmission
airborne transmission
vector transmission

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23
Q

requires a pathogen to be transferred through the air from its resery in a droplet of body secretions

A

droplet transmission

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24
Q

occurs when pathogens is smaller than 5 microns in size remain suspended in the air long after the infected person has left the area

A

airborne transmission

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25
Q

utilizes insects to transport the pathogen

A

vector transmission

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26
Q

opposite of the portal of Exit this is any route that a pathogen uses to enter the body 

A

portal of entry

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27
Q

examples of portal of entry

A

inhalation
absorption
ingestion
inoculation
introduction
cuts in the skin

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28
Q

via respiratory tract or mouth

A

inhalation

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29
Q

via mucous membranes such as the eyes

A

absorption

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30
Q

via the gastrointestinal tract

A

ingestion

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31
Q

as the result of inoculation injury

A

inoculation

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32
Q

via the insertion of medical devices

A

introduction

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33
Q

last link in the chain of infection this is the organism that will feel the effects of the infectious disease that has traveled through the chain of infection

A

susceptible host

34
Q

susceptible host depends in many factors

A

age
health status
medication usage
general resistance factors

35
Q

The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of man or animals

A

infection

36
Q

Number of new cases in a given time expressed as percent infected per year or commutative incidents or number purple person time of observation or incidents density

A

incidence

37
Q

percent infected per year

A

cumulative incidence

38
Q

number per person time of observation

A

incidence density

39
Q

disease is completely reduced to zero worldwide

A

eradication

40
Q

illnesses cause by germs such as bacteria viruses and fungi that enter the body and can cause an infection

A

infectious diseases

41
Q

the lodgment development and reproduction of arthropods on the surface of the body in the clothing

A

infestation

42
Q

Number of cases at a given time expressed as a percent at a given time

A

prevalence

43
Q

disease has been reduced to zero in a specific region or geographical area

A

elimination

44
Q

classification of infectious disease

A

bacteria
virus
fungi
parasite

45
Q

shapes of bacteria

A

cocci
bacillus
vibrios
spirochaetes
spirilla

46
Q

public health measures

A

purification of water
proper disposal of sewage
pasteurization of milk
immunization
improved nutrition
personal hygiene

47
Q

introduction of antibiotics

A

1940

48
Q

this microorganisms must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from disease

A

koch’s postulate

49
Q

1843-1910

A

robert koch

50
Q

eliminated smallpox in the US and other insdustrialized countries

A

routine immunization

51
Q

Broadly defined as a situation where an immune response to one infection confers protection against another distinct infection or disease

A

cross-immunity

52
Q

cross immunity is called

A

cross-reactivity

53
Q

examples of cross-imuunity

A

cowpox and smallpox

54
Q

he creates first small pox vaccination and in the year

A

1796 edward jenner

55
Q

WHO pushes eradication efforts in this year

A

1967

56
Q

in what year did WHO declares smallpox eradication

A

1980

57
Q

smallpox virus officially s remains only in two laboratories

A

CDC
Russian laboratory in siberia

58
Q

infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact

A

sexually transmitted diseases

59
Q

causative Agent of bacterial vaginosis

A

gardnella vaginallis

60
Q

Causative agent of the syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

61
Q

It is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum subspecies palli usually spread by sexual contact starts as a painless sore form on genitals rectum or mouth spread from person to person via skin or mucous membranes in contact with these sores

A

syphilis

62
Q

first sign of syphilis is a small sore . I entered your body it is usually develops about three weeks after exposure it is painless and maybe he then within the vagina or rectum and it will heal on its own within 3 to 6 weeks

A

chancre

63
Q

first sign of syphilis and it is when chancre appears

A

primary syphilis

64
Q

in this stage Stage you may experience a rash that begins on your trunk but eventually covers your entire body even the palms of your hands in the soles of your feet 

A

secondary syphilis

65
Q

Also known as hidden symptoms and is defined as having serological proof of infection without symptoms of disease it is further described as a early or late

A

latent syphilis

66
Q

This is where complications a cure 15 to 30% of of people infected with syphilis you don’t get treatment will develop complications known as

A

tertiary syphilis

67
Q

Early syphilis at first within the first two years of life

A

congenital syphilis

68
Q

causative agent of chlamydia

A

chlamydia trachomatis

69
Q

causative agent of HPV infection

A

human papillomaviruses

70
Q

causative agent of trichimoniasis or trich

A

trichonomas vaginalis

71
Q

sex parasites

A

giardia intestinalis
trichomonas vaginalis
tryponosoma gambiense
leishmania sp

72
Q

causative agent of gonorrhea

A

neisseria gonorrohoea

73
Q

causative agent of mgen infection

A

mycoplasma genitalium

74
Q

causative agent of genital herpes

A

HSV-1
HSV-2
herpes simplex virus

75
Q

Infection of a women’s reproductive organs and it’s complication often causes buy some yeah STDs like chlamydia and gonorrhea

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

76
Q

causative agent of LPV lymphogranuloma venereum

A

chlamydia trachomatis serevars L1 L2 L3

77
Q

causative agent of chancroid

A

haemophilus ducreyi

78
Q

causative agent of ectoparasitic infections “pediculosis pubis”

A

phthirus pubis

79
Q

can only infect human beings attacks your T cells and uses them to make copies of themselves

A

HIV

80
Q

First patient of HIV through bone marrow transplant

A

timothy ray brown

CPH LEC (3 decks)

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